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1   /*
2    * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
3    * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
4    * distributed with this work for additional information
5    * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
6    * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
7    * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
8    * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
9    *
10   *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
11   *
12   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
13   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
14   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
15   * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
16   * limitations under the License.
17   */
18  
19  package org.apache.hadoop.hbase.security.access;
20  
21  import com.google.protobuf.RpcCallback;
22  import com.google.protobuf.RpcController;
23  import com.google.protobuf.Service;
24  import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
25  import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
26  import org.apache.hadoop.classification.InterfaceAudience;
27  import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
28  import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileStatus;
29  import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
30  import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileUtil;
31  import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
32  import org.apache.hadoop.fs.permission.FsPermission;
33  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.Coprocessor;
34  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.CoprocessorEnvironment;
35  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
36  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.DoNotRetryIOException;
37  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.coprocessor.CoprocessorService;
38  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.coprocessor.RegionCoprocessorEnvironment;
39  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.RequestContext;
40  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.protobuf.ProtobufUtil;
41  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.protobuf.ResponseConverter;
42  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.protobuf.generated.ClientProtos;
43  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.protobuf.generated.SecureBulkLoadProtos.SecureBulkLoadService;
44  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.protobuf.generated.SecureBulkLoadProtos.PrepareBulkLoadRequest;
45  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.protobuf.generated.SecureBulkLoadProtos.PrepareBulkLoadResponse;
46  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.protobuf.generated.SecureBulkLoadProtos.CleanupBulkLoadRequest;
47  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.protobuf.generated.SecureBulkLoadProtos.CleanupBulkLoadResponse;
48  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.protobuf.generated.SecureBulkLoadProtos.SecureBulkLoadHFilesRequest;
49  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.protobuf.generated.SecureBulkLoadProtos.SecureBulkLoadHFilesResponse;
50  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.regionserver.HRegion;
51  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.security.SecureBulkLoadUtil;
52  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.security.User;
53  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.security.UserProvider;
54  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.security.token.FsDelegationToken;
55  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
56  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.FSHDFSUtils;
57  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Methods;
58  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Pair;
59  import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
60  import org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation;
61  import org.apache.hadoop.security.token.Token;
62  
63  import java.io.IOException;
64  import java.math.BigInteger;
65  import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
66  import java.security.SecureRandom;
67  import java.util.ArrayList;
68  import java.util.List;
69  
70  /**
71   * Coprocessor service for bulk loads in secure mode.
72   * This coprocessor has to be installed as part of enabling
73   * security in HBase.
74   *
75   * This service addresses two issues:
76   *
77   * 1. Moving files in a secure filesystem wherein the HBase Client
78   * and HBase Server are different filesystem users.
79   * 2. Does moving in a secure manner. Assuming that the filesystem
80   * is POSIX compliant.
81   *
82   * The algorithm is as follows:
83   *
84   * 1. Create an hbase owned staging directory which is
85   * world traversable (711): /hbase/staging
86   * 2. A user writes out data to his secure output directory: /user/foo/data
87   * 3. A call is made to hbase to create a secret staging directory
88   * which globally rwx (777): /user/staging/averylongandrandomdirectoryname
89   * 4. The user moves the data into the random staging directory,
90   * then calls bulkLoadHFiles()
91   *
92   * Like delegation tokens the strength of the security lies in the length
93   * and randomness of the secret directory.
94   *
95   */
96  @InterfaceAudience.Private
97  public class SecureBulkLoadEndpoint extends SecureBulkLoadService
98      implements CoprocessorService, Coprocessor {
99  
100   public static final long VERSION = 0L;
101 
102   //320/5 = 64 characters
103   private static final int RANDOM_WIDTH = 320;
104   private static final int RANDOM_RADIX = 32;
105 
106   private static Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(SecureBulkLoadEndpoint.class);
107 
108   private final static FsPermission PERM_ALL_ACCESS = FsPermission.valueOf("-rwxrwxrwx");
109   private final static FsPermission PERM_HIDDEN = FsPermission.valueOf("-rwx--x--x");
110 
111   private SecureRandom random;
112   private FileSystem fs;
113   private Configuration conf;
114 
115   //two levels so it doesn't get deleted accidentally
116   //no sticky bit in Hadoop 1.0
117   private Path baseStagingDir;
118 
119   private RegionCoprocessorEnvironment env;
120 
121   private UserProvider userProvider;
122 
123   @Override
124   public void start(CoprocessorEnvironment env) {
125     this.env = (RegionCoprocessorEnvironment)env;
126     random = new SecureRandom();
127     conf = env.getConfiguration();
128     baseStagingDir = SecureBulkLoadUtil.getBaseStagingDir(conf);
129     this.userProvider = UserProvider.instantiate(conf);
130 
131     try {
132       fs = FileSystem.get(conf);
133       fs.mkdirs(baseStagingDir, PERM_HIDDEN);
134       fs.setPermission(baseStagingDir, PERM_HIDDEN);
135       //no sticky bit in hadoop-1.0, making directory nonempty so it never gets erased
136       fs.mkdirs(new Path(baseStagingDir,"DONOTERASE"), PERM_HIDDEN);
137       FileStatus status = fs.getFileStatus(baseStagingDir);
138       if(status == null) {
139         throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to create staging directory");
140       }
141       if(!status.getPermission().equals(PERM_HIDDEN)) {
142         throw new IllegalStateException(
143             "Directory already exists but permissions aren't set to '-rwx--x--x' ");
144       }
145     } catch (IOException e) {
146       throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to get FileSystem instance",e);
147     }
148   }
149 
150   @Override
151   public void stop(CoprocessorEnvironment env) throws IOException {
152   }
153 
154   @Override
155   public void prepareBulkLoad(RpcController controller,
156                                                  PrepareBulkLoadRequest request,
157                                                  RpcCallback<PrepareBulkLoadResponse> done){
158     try {
159       getAccessController().prePrepareBulkLoad(env);
160       String bulkToken = createStagingDir(baseStagingDir,
161           getActiveUser(), ProtobufUtil.toTableName(request.getTableName())).toString();
162       done.run(PrepareBulkLoadResponse.newBuilder().setBulkToken(bulkToken).build());
163     } catch (IOException e) {
164       ResponseConverter.setControllerException(controller, e);
165     }
166     done.run(null);
167   }
168 
169   @Override
170   public void cleanupBulkLoad(RpcController controller,
171                               CleanupBulkLoadRequest request,
172                               RpcCallback<CleanupBulkLoadResponse> done) {
173     try {
174       getAccessController().preCleanupBulkLoad(env);
175       fs.delete(createStagingDir(baseStagingDir,
176           getActiveUser(),
177           env.getRegion().getTableDesc().getTableName(),
178           new Path(request.getBulkToken()).getName()),
179           true);
180       done.run(CleanupBulkLoadResponse.newBuilder().build());
181     } catch (IOException e) {
182       ResponseConverter.setControllerException(controller, e);
183     }
184     done.run(null);
185   }
186 
187   @Override
188   public void secureBulkLoadHFiles(RpcController controller,
189                                    SecureBulkLoadHFilesRequest request,
190                                    RpcCallback<SecureBulkLoadHFilesResponse> done) {
191     final List<Pair<byte[], String>> familyPaths = new ArrayList<Pair<byte[], String>>();
192     for(ClientProtos.BulkLoadHFileRequest.FamilyPath el : request.getFamilyPathList()) {
193       familyPaths.add(new Pair(el.getFamily().toByteArray(),el.getPath()));
194     }
195     final Token userToken =
196         new Token(request.getFsToken().getIdentifier().toByteArray(),
197                   request.getFsToken().getPassword().toByteArray(),
198                   new Text(request.getFsToken().getKind()),
199                   new Text(request.getFsToken().getService()));
200     final String bulkToken = request.getBulkToken();
201     User user = getActiveUser();
202     final UserGroupInformation ugi = user.getUGI();
203     if(userToken != null) {
204       ugi.addToken(userToken);
205     } else if (userProvider.isHadoopSecurityEnabled()) {
206       //we allow this to pass through in "simple" security mode
207       //for mini cluster testing
208       ResponseConverter.setControllerException(controller,
209           new DoNotRetryIOException("User token cannot be null"));
210       return;
211     }
212 
213     HRegion region = env.getRegion();
214     boolean bypass = false;
215     if (region.getCoprocessorHost() != null) {
216       try {
217         bypass = region.getCoprocessorHost().preBulkLoadHFile(familyPaths);
218       } catch (IOException e) {
219         ResponseConverter.setControllerException(controller, e);
220         done.run(null);
221         return;
222       }
223     }
224     boolean loaded = false;
225     if (!bypass) {
226       // Get the target fs (HBase region server fs) delegation token
227       // Since we have checked the permission via 'preBulkLoadHFile', now let's give
228       // the 'request user' necessary token to operate on the target fs.
229       // After this point the 'doAs' user will hold two tokens, one for the source fs
230       // ('request user'), another for the target fs (HBase region server principal).
231       FsDelegationToken targetfsDelegationToken = new FsDelegationToken(userProvider, "renewer");
232       try {
233         targetfsDelegationToken.acquireDelegationToken(fs);
234       } catch (IOException e) {
235         ResponseConverter.setControllerException(controller, e);
236         done.run(null);
237         return;
238       }
239       ugi.addToken(targetfsDelegationToken.getUserToken());
240 
241       loaded = ugi.doAs(new PrivilegedAction<Boolean>() {
242         @Override
243         public Boolean run() {
244           FileSystem fs = null;
245           try {
246             Configuration conf = env.getConfiguration();
247             fs = FileSystem.get(conf);
248             for(Pair<byte[], String> el: familyPaths) {
249               Path stageFamily = new Path(bulkToken, Bytes.toString(el.getFirst()));
250               if(!fs.exists(stageFamily)) {
251                 fs.mkdirs(stageFamily);
252                 fs.setPermission(stageFamily, PERM_ALL_ACCESS);
253               }
254             }
255             //We call bulkLoadHFiles as requesting user
256             //To enable access prior to staging
257             return env.getRegion().bulkLoadHFiles(familyPaths, true,
258                 new SecureBulkLoadListener(fs, bulkToken, conf));
259           } catch (Exception e) {
260             LOG.error("Failed to complete bulk load", e);
261           }
262           return false;
263         }
264       });
265     }
266     if (region.getCoprocessorHost() != null) {
267       try {
268         loaded = region.getCoprocessorHost().postBulkLoadHFile(familyPaths, loaded);
269       } catch (IOException e) {
270         ResponseConverter.setControllerException(controller, e);
271         done.run(null);
272         return;
273       }
274     }
275     done.run(SecureBulkLoadHFilesResponse.newBuilder().setLoaded(loaded).build());
276   }
277 
278   private AccessController getAccessController() {
279     return (AccessController) this.env.getRegion()
280         .getCoprocessorHost().findCoprocessor(AccessController.class.getName());
281   }
282 
283   private Path createStagingDir(Path baseDir,
284                                 User user,
285                                 TableName tableName) throws IOException {
286     String randomDir = user.getShortName()+"__"+ tableName +"__"+
287         (new BigInteger(RANDOM_WIDTH, random).toString(RANDOM_RADIX));
288     return createStagingDir(baseDir, user, tableName, randomDir);
289   }
290 
291   private Path createStagingDir(Path baseDir,
292                                 User user,
293                                 TableName tableName,
294                                 String randomDir) throws IOException {
295     Path p = new Path(baseDir, randomDir);
296     fs.mkdirs(p, PERM_ALL_ACCESS);
297     fs.setPermission(p, PERM_ALL_ACCESS);
298     return p;
299   }
300 
301   private User getActiveUser() {
302     User user = RequestContext.getRequestUser();
303     if (!RequestContext.isInRequestContext()) {
304       return null;
305     }
306 
307     //this is for testing
308     if("simple".equalsIgnoreCase(conf.get(User.HBASE_SECURITY_CONF_KEY))) {
309       return User.createUserForTesting(conf, user.getShortName(), new String[]{});
310     }
311 
312     return user;
313   }
314 
315   @Override
316   public Service getService() {
317     return this;
318   }
319 
320   private static class SecureBulkLoadListener implements HRegion.BulkLoadListener {
321     // Target filesystem
322     private FileSystem fs;
323     private String stagingDir;
324     private Configuration conf;
325     // Source filesystem
326     private FileSystem srcFs = null;
327 
328     public SecureBulkLoadListener(FileSystem fs, String stagingDir, Configuration conf) {
329       this.fs = fs;
330       this.stagingDir = stagingDir;
331       this.conf = conf;
332     }
333 
334     @Override
335     public String prepareBulkLoad(final byte[] family, final String srcPath) throws IOException {
336       Path p = new Path(srcPath);
337       Path stageP = new Path(stagingDir, new Path(Bytes.toString(family), p.getName()));
338       if (srcFs == null) {
339         srcFs = FileSystem.get(p.toUri(), conf);
340       }
341 
342       if(!isFile(p)) {
343         throw new IOException("Path does not reference a file: " + p);
344       }
345 
346       // Check to see if the source and target filesystems are the same
347       if (!FSHDFSUtils.isSameHdfs(conf, srcFs, fs)) {
348         LOG.debug("Bulk-load file " + srcPath + " is on different filesystem than " +
349             "the destination filesystem. Copying file over to destination staging dir.");
350         FileUtil.copy(srcFs, p, fs, stageP, false, conf);
351       }
352       else {
353         LOG.debug("Moving " + p + " to " + stageP);
354         if(!fs.rename(p, stageP)) {
355           throw new IOException("Failed to move HFile: " + p + " to " + stageP);
356         }
357       }
358       return stageP.toString();
359     }
360 
361     @Override
362     public void doneBulkLoad(byte[] family, String srcPath) throws IOException {
363       LOG.debug("Bulk Load done for: " + srcPath);
364     }
365 
366     @Override
367     public void failedBulkLoad(final byte[] family, final String srcPath) throws IOException {
368       Path p = new Path(srcPath);
369       Path stageP = new Path(stagingDir,
370           new Path(Bytes.toString(family), p.getName()));
371       LOG.debug("Moving " + stageP + " back to " + p);
372       if(!fs.rename(stageP, p))
373         throw new IOException("Failed to move HFile: " + stageP + " to " + p);
374     }
375 
376     /**
377      * Check if the path is referencing a file.
378      * This is mainly needed to avoid symlinks.
379      * @param p
380      * @return true if the p is a file
381      * @throws IOException
382      */
383     private boolean isFile(Path p) throws IOException {
384       FileStatus status = srcFs.getFileStatus(p);
385       boolean isFile = !status.isDir();
386       try {
387         isFile = isFile && !(Boolean)Methods.call(FileStatus.class, status, "isSymlink", null, null);
388       } catch (Exception e) {
389       }
390       return isFile;
391     }
392   }
393 }