Table of Contents
This chapter expands upon the ??? chapter to further explain configuration of Apache HBase. Please read this chapter carefully, especially Section 1.1, “Basic Prerequisites” to ensure that your HBase testing and deployment goes smoothly, and prevent data loss.
Apache HBase uses the same configuration system as Apache Hadoop. All configuration files
are located in the conf/
directory, which needs to be kept in sync for each
node on your cluster.
HBase Configuration Files
backup-masters
Not present by default. A plain-text file which lists hosts on which the Master should start a backup Master process, one host per line.
hadoop-metrics2-hbase.properties
Used to connect HBase Hadoop's Metrics2 framework. See the Hadoop Wiki entry for more information on Metrics2. Contains only commented-out examples by default.
hbase-env.cmd
and hbase-env.sh
Script for Windows and Linux / Unix environments to set up the working environment for HBase, including the location of Java, Java options, and other environment variables. The file contains many commented-out examples to provide guidance.
In HBase 0.98.5 and newer, you must set JAVA_HOME
on each node of
your cluster. hbase-env.sh
provides a handy mechanism to do
this.
hbase-policy.xml
The default policy configuration file used by RPC servers to make authorization decisions on client requests. Only used if HBase security (???) is enabled.
hbase-site.xml
The main HBase configuration file. This file specifies configuration options which
override HBase's default configuration. You can view (but do not edit) the default
configuration file at docs/hbase-default.xml
. You can also view the
entire effective configuration for your cluster (defaults and overrides) in the
HBase Configuration tab of the HBase Web UI.
log4j.properties
Configuration file for HBase logging via log4j
.
regionservers
A plain-text file containing a list of hosts which should run a RegionServer in your
HBase cluster. By default this file contains the single entry
localhost
. It should contain a list of hostnames or IP addresses, one
per line, and should only contain localhost
if each node in your
cluster will run a RegionServer on its localhost
interface.
When you edit XML, it is a good idea to use an XML-aware editor to be sure that your
syntax is correct and your XML is well-formed. You can also use the xmllint
utility to check that your XML is well-formed. By default, xmllint re-flows
and prints the XML to standard output. To check for well-formedness and only print output if
errors exist, use the command xmllint -noout
filename.xml
.
When running in distributed mode, after you make an edit to an HBase configuration, make
sure you copy the content of the conf/
directory to all nodes of the
cluster. HBase will not do this for you. Use rsync, scp,
or another secure mechanism for copying the configuration files to your nodes. For most
configuration, a restart is needed for servers to pick up changes An exception is dynamic
configuration. to be described later below.
This section lists required services and some required system configuration.
Table 1.1. Java
HBase Version | JDK 6 | JDK 7 | JDK 8 |
---|---|---|---|
1.0 | Not Supported | yes | Running with JDK 8 will work but is not well tested. |
0.98 | yes | yes | Running with JDK 8 works but is not well tested. Building with JDK 8 would require removal of the deprecated remove() method of the PoolMap class and is under consideration. See ee HBASE-7608 for more information about JDK 8 support. |
0.96 | yes | yes | |
0.94 | yes | yes |
In HBase 0.98.5 and newer, you must set JAVA_HOME
on each node of
your cluster. hbase-env.sh
provides a handy mechanism to do
this.
Operating System Utilities
HBase uses the Secure Shell (ssh) command and utilities extensively to communicate between cluster nodes. Each server in the cluster must be running ssh so that the Hadoop and HBase daemons can be managed. You must be able to connect to all nodes via SSH, including the local node, from the Master as well as any backup Master, using a shared key rather than a password. You can see the basic methodology for such a set-up in Linux or Unix systems at ???. If your cluster nodes use OS X, see the section, SSH: Setting up Remote Desktop and Enabling Self-Login on the Hadoop wiki.
HBase uses the local hostname to self-report its IP address. Both forward and reverse DNS resolving must work in versions of HBase previous to 0.92.0. The hadoop-dns-checker tool can be used to verify DNS is working correctly on the cluster. The project README file provides detailed instructions on usage.
If your server has multiple network interfaces, HBase defaults to using the
interface that the primary hostname resolves to. To override this behavior, set the
hbase.regionserver.dns.interface
property to a different interface. This
will only work if each server in your cluster uses the same network interface
configuration.
To choose a different DNS nameserver than the system default, set the
hbase.regionserver.dns.nameserver
property to the IP address of
that nameserver.
Prior to hbase-0.96.0, HBase only used the IP address
127.0.0.1
to refer to localhost
, and this could
not be configured. See Loopback IP.
The clocks on cluster nodes should be synchronized. A small amount of variation is acceptable, but larger amounts of skew can cause erratic and unexpected behavior. Time synchronization is one of the first things to check if you see unexplained problems in your cluster. It is recommended that you run a Network Time Protocol (NTP) service, or another time-synchronization mechanism, on your cluster, and that all nodes look to the same service for time synchronization. See the Basic NTP Configuration at The Linux Documentation Project (TLDP) to set up NTP.
Apache HBase is a database. It requires the ability to open a large number of files
at once. Many Linux distributions limit the number of files a single user is allowed to
open to 1024
(or 256
on older versions of OS X).
You can check this limit on your servers by running the command ulimit
-n when logged in as the user which runs HBase. See ??? for some of the problems you may
experience if the limit is too low. You may also notice errors such as the
following:
2010-04-06 03:04:37,542 INFO org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient: Exception increateBlockOutputStream java.io.EOFException 2010-04-06 03:04:37,542 INFO org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient: Abandoning block blk_-6935524980745310745_1391901
It is recommended to raise the ulimit to at least 10,000, but more likely 10,240, because the value is usually expressed in multiples of 1024. Each ColumnFamily has at least one StoreFile, and possibly more than 6 StoreFiles if the region is under load. The number of open files required depends upon the number of ColumnFamilies and the number of regions. The following is a rough formula for calculating the potential number of open files on a RegionServer.
Example 1.1. Calculate the Potential Number of Open Files
(StoreFiles per ColumnFamily) x (regions per RegionServer)
For example, assuming that a schema had 3 ColumnFamilies per region with an average of 3 StoreFiles per ColumnFamily, and there are 100 regions per RegionServer, the JVM will open 3 * 3 * 100 = 900 file descriptors, not counting open JAR files, configuration files, and others. Opening a file does not take many resources, and the risk of allowing a user to open too many files is minimal.
Another related setting is the number of processes a user is allowed to run at once.
In Linux and Unix, the number of processes is set using the ulimit -u
command. This should not be confused with the nproc command, which
controls the number of CPUs available to a given user. Under load, a
nproc
that is too low can cause OutOfMemoryError exceptions. See
Jack Levin's major
hdfs issues thread on the hbase-users mailing list, from 2011.
Configuring the fmaximum number of ile descriptors and processes for the user who is running the HBase process is an operating system configuration, rather than an HBase configuration. It is also important to be sure that the settings are changed for the user that actually runs HBase. To see which user started HBase, and that user's ulimit configuration, look at the first line of the HBase log for that instance. A useful read setting config on you hadoop cluster is Aaron Kimballs' Configuration Parameters: What can you just ignore?
ulimit Settings on Ubuntu. To configure ulimit settings on Ubuntu, edit
/etc/security/limits.conf
, which is a space-delimited file with
four columns. Refer to the man
page for limits.conf for details about the format of this file. In the
following example, the first line sets both soft and hard limits for the number of
open files (nofile
) to 32768
for the operating
system user with the username hadoop
. The second line sets the
number of processes to 32000 for the same user.
hadoop - nofile 32768 hadoop - nproc 32000
The settings are only applied if the Pluggable Authentication Module (PAM)
environment is directed to use them. To configure PAM to use these limits, be sure that
the /etc/pam.d/common-session
file contains the following line:
session required pam_limits.so
Prior to HBase 0.96, testing for running HBase on Microsoft Windows was limited. Running a on Windows nodes is not recommended for production systems.
To run versions of HBase prior to 0.96 on Microsoft Windows, you must install Cygwin and run HBase within the Cygwin environment. This provides support for Linux/Unix commands and scripts. The full details are explained in the Windows Installation guide. Also search our user mailing list to pick up latest fixes figured by Windows users.
Post-hbase-0.96.0, hbase runs natively on windows with supporting *.cmd scripts bundled.
The following table summarizes the versions of Hadoop supported with each version of HBase. Based on the version of HBase, you should select the most appropriate version of Hadoop. You can use Apache Hadoop, or a vendor's distribution of Hadoop. No distinction is made here. See http://wiki.apache.org/hadoop/Distributions%20and%20Commercial%20Support for information about vendors of Hadoop.
Hadoop 2.x is faster and includes features, such as short-circuit reads, which will help improve your HBase random read profile. Hadoop 2.x also includes important bug fixes that will improve your overall HBase experience. HBase 0.98 deprecates use of Hadoop 1.x, and HBase 1.0 will not support Hadoop 1.x.
Use the following legend to interpret this table:
S = supported and tested, |
X = not supported, |
NT = it should run, but not tested enough. |
Table 1.2. Hadoop version support matrix
HBase-0.92.x | HBase-0.94.x | HBase-0.96.x | HBase-0.98.x (Support for Hadoop 1.x is deprecated.) | HBase-1.0.x (Hadoop 1.x is NOT supported) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hadoop-0.20.205 | S | X | X | X | X |
Hadoop-0.22.x | S | X | X | X | X |
Hadoop-1.0.0-1.0.2 (HBase requires hadoop 1.0.3 at a minimum; there is an issue where we cannot find KerberosUtil compiling against earlier versions of Hadoop.) | X | X | X | X | X |
Hadoop-1.0.3+ | S | S | S | X | X |
Hadoop-1.1.x | NT | S | S | X | X |
Hadoop-0.23.x | X | S | NT | X | X |
Hadoop-2.0.x-alpha | X | NT | X | X | X |
Hadoop-2.1.0-beta | X | NT | S | X | X |
Hadoop-2.2.0 | X | NT - To get 0.94.x to run on hadoop 2.2.0, you need to change the hadoop
2 and protobuf versions in the $ svn diff pom.xml Index: pom.xml =================================================================== --- pom.xml (revision 1545157) +++ pom.xml (working copy) @@ -1034,7 +1034,7 @@ <slf4j.version>1.4.3</slf4j.version> <log4j.version>1.2.16</log4j.version> <mockito-all.version>1.8.5</mockito-all.version> - <protobuf.version>2.4.0a</protobuf.version> + <protobuf.version>2.5.0</protobuf.version> <stax-api.version>1.0.1</stax-api.version> <thrift.version>0.8.0</thrift.version> <zookeeper.version>3.4.5</zookeeper.version> @@ -2241,7 +2241,7 @@ </property> </activation> <properties> - <hadoop.version>2.0.0-alpha</hadoop.version> + <hadoop.version>2.2.0</hadoop.version> <slf4j.version>1.6.1</slf4j.version> </properties> <dependencies> The next step is to regenerate Protobuf files and assuming that the Protobuf has been installed:
Building against the hadoop 2 profile by running something like the following command: $ mvn clean install assembly:single -Dhadoop.profile=2.0 -DskipTests | S | S | NT |
Hadoop-2.3.x | X | NT | S | S | NT |
Hadoop-2.4.x | X | NT | S | S | S |
Hadoop-2.5.x | X | NT | S | S | S |
Because HBase depends on Hadoop, it bundles an instance of the Hadoop jar under its
lib
directory. The bundled jar is ONLY for use in standalone mode.
In distributed mode, it is critical that the version of Hadoop that
is out on your cluster match what is under HBase. Replace the hadoop jar found in the
HBase lib directory with the hadoop jar you are running on your cluster to avoid version
mismatch issues. Make sure you replace the jar in HBase everywhere on your cluster. Hadoop
version mismatch issues have various manifestations but often all looks like its hung up.
HBase 0.92 and 0.94 versions can work with Hadoop versions, 0.20.205, 0.22.x, 1.0.x, and 1.1.x. HBase-0.94 can additionally work with Hadoop-0.23.x and 2.x, but you may have to recompile the code using the specific maven profile (see top level pom.xml)
As of Apache HBase 0.96.x, Apache Hadoop 1.0.x at least is required. Hadoop 2 is strongly encouraged (faster but also has fixes that help MTTR). We will no longer run properly on older Hadoops such as 0.20.205 or branch-0.20-append. Do not move to Apache HBase 0.96.x if you cannot upgrade your Hadoop.. See HBase, mail # dev - DISCUSS: Have hbase require at least hadoop 1.0.0 in hbase 0.96.0?
HBase will lose data unless it is running on an HDFS that has a durable
sync
implementation. DO NOT use Hadoop 0.20.2, Hadoop 0.20.203.0, and
Hadoop 0.20.204.0 which DO NOT have this attribute. Currently only Hadoop versions
0.20.205.x or any release in excess of this version -- this includes hadoop-1.0.0 -- have
a working, durable sync. The Cloudera blog post An
update on Apache Hadoop 1.0 by Charles Zedlweski has a nice exposition on how all
the Hadoop versions relate. Its worth checking out if you are having trouble making sense
of the Hadoop version morass.
Sync has to be explicitly enabled by setting
dfs.support.append
equal to true on both the client side -- in
hbase-site.xml
-- and on the serverside in
hdfs-site.xml
(The sync facility HBase needs is a subset of the
append code path).
<property> <name>dfs.support.append</name> <value>true</value> </property>
You will have to restart your cluster after making this edit. Ignore the
chicken-little comment you'll find in the hdfs-default.xml
in the
description for the dfs.support.append
configuration.
Apache HBase will run on any Hadoop 0.20.x that incorporates Hadoop security features as long as you do as suggested above and replace the Hadoop jar that ships with HBase with the secure version. If you want to read more about how to setup Secure HBase, see ???.
An HDFS datanode has an upper bound on the number of files that it will serve
at any one time. Before doing any loading, make sure you have configured
Hadoop's conf/hdfs-site.xml
, setting the
dfs.datanode.max.transfer.threads
value to at least the following:
<property> <name>dfs.datanode.max.transfer.threads</name> <value>4096</value> </property>
Be sure to restart your HDFS after making the above configuration.
Not having this configuration in place makes for strange-looking failures. One manifestation is a complaint about missing blocks. For example:
10/12/08 20:10:31 INFO hdfs.DFSClient: Could not obtain block blk_XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX_YYYYYYYY from any node: java.io.IOException: No live nodes contain current block. Will get new block locations from namenode and retry...
See also ??? and note that this
property was previously known as dfs.datanode.max.xcievers
(e.g.
Hadoop HDFS: Deceived by Xciever).
HBase has two run modes: Section 1.2.1, “Standalone HBase” and Section 1.2.2, “Distributed”. Out of the box, HBase runs in standalone mode. Whatever your mode,
you will need to configure HBase by editing files in the HBase conf
directory. At a minimum, you must edit conf/hbase-env.sh
to tell HBase which
java to use. In this file you set HBase environment variables such as the
heapsize and other options for the JVM, the preferred location for
log files, etc. Set JAVA_HOME
to point at the root of your
java install.
This is the default mode. Standalone mode is what is described in the ??? section. In standalone mode, HBase does not use HDFS -- it uses the local filesystem instead -- and it runs all HBase daemons and a local ZooKeeper all up in the same JVM. Zookeeper binds to a well known port so clients may talk to HBase.
Distributed mode can be subdivided into distributed but all daemons run on a single node -- a.k.a pseudo-distributed-- and fully-distributed where the daemons are spread across all nodes in the cluster. The pseudo-distributed vs fully-distributed nomenclature comes from Hadoop.
Pseudo-distributed mode can run against the local filesystem or it can run against an instance of the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS). Fully-distributed mode can ONLY run on HDFS. See the Hadoop requirements and instructions for how to set up HDFS for Hadoop 1.x. A good walk-through for setting up HDFS on Hadoop 2 is at http://www.alexjf.net/blog/distributed-systems/hadoop-yarn-installation-definitive-guide.
Below we describe the different distributed setups. Starting, verification and exploration of your install, whether a pseudo-distributed or fully-distributed configuration is described in a section that follows, Section 1.3, “Running and Confirming Your Installation”. The same verification script applies to both deploy types.
A quickstart has been added to the ??? chapter. See ???. Some of the information that was originally in this section has been moved there.
A pseudo-distributed mode is simply a fully-distributed mode run on a single host. Use this configuration testing and prototyping on HBase. Do not use this configuration for production nor for evaluating HBase performance.
By default, HBase runs in standalone mode. Both standalone mode and pseudo-distributed mode are provided for the purposes of small-scale testing. For a production environment, distributed mode is appropriate. In distributed mode, multiple instances of HBase daemons run on multiple servers in the cluster.
Just as in pseudo-distributed mode, a fully distributed configuration requires that you
set the hbase-cluster.distributed
property to true
.
Typically, the hbase.rootdir
is configured to point to a highly-available HDFS
filesystem.
In addition, the cluster is configured so that multiple cluster nodes enlist as RegionServers, ZooKeeper QuorumPeers, and backup HMaster servers. These configuration basics are all demonstrated in ???.
Distributed RegionServers. Typically, your cluster will contain multiple RegionServers all running on different
servers, as well as primary and backup Master and Zookeeper daemons. The
conf/regionservers
file on the master server contains a list of
hosts whose RegionServers are associated with this cluster. Each host is on a separate
line. All hosts listed in this file will have their RegionServer processes started and
stopped when the master server starts or stops.
ZooKeeper and HBase. See section ??? for ZooKeeper setup for HBase.
Example 1.2. Example Distributed HBase Cluster
This is a bare-bones conf/hbase-site.xml
for a distributed HBase
cluster. A cluster that is used for real-world work would contain more custom
configuration parameters. Most HBase configuration directives have default values, which
are used unless the value is overridden in the hbase-site.xml
. See Section 1.4, “Configuration Files” for more information.
<configuration> <property> <name>hbase.rootdir</name> <value>hdfs://namenode.example.org:8020/hbase</value> </property> <property> <name>hbase.cluster.distributed</name> <value>true</value> </property> <property> <name>hbase.zookeeper.quorum</name> <value>node-a.example.com,node-b.example.com,node-c.example.com</value> </property> </configuration>
This is an example conf/regionservers
file, which contains a list
of each node that should run a RegionServer in the cluster. These nodes need HBase
installed and they need to use the same contents of the conf/
directory as the Master server..
node-a.example.com node-b.example.com node-c.example.com
This is an example conf/backup-masters
file, which contains a
list of each node that should run a backup Master instance. The backup Master instances
will sit idle unless the main Master becomes unavailable.
node-b.example.com node-c.example.com
Distributed HBase Quickstart. See ??? for a walk-through of a simple three-node cluster configuration with multiple ZooKeeper, backup HMaster, and RegionServer instances.
Procedure 1.1. HDFS Client Configuration
Of note, if you have made HDFS client configuration on your Hadoop cluster, such as configuration directives for HDFS clients, as opposed to server-side configurations, you must use one of the following methods to enable HBase to see and use these configuration changes:
Add a pointer to your HADOOP_CONF_DIR
to the
HBASE_CLASSPATH
environment variable in
hbase-env.sh
.
Add a copy of hdfs-site.xml
(or
hadoop-site.xml
) or, better, symlinks, under
${HBASE_HOME}/conf
, or
if only a small set of HDFS client configurations, add them to
hbase-site.xml
.
An example of such an HDFS client configuration is dfs.replication
.
If for example, you want to run with a replication factor of 5, hbase will create files with
the default of 3 unless you do the above to make the configuration available to
HBase.
Make sure HDFS is running first. Start and stop the Hadoop HDFS daemons by running
bin/start-hdfs.sh
over in the HADOOP_HOME
directory. You can ensure it started properly by testing the put and
get of files into the Hadoop filesystem. HBase does not normally use
the mapreduce daemons. These do not need to be started.
If you are managing your own ZooKeeper, start it and confirm its running else, HBase will start up ZooKeeper for you as part of its start process.
Start HBase with the following command:
bin/start-hbase.sh
Run the above from the HBASE_HOME
directory.
You should now have a running HBase instance. HBase logs can be found in the
logs
subdirectory. Check them out especially if HBase had trouble
starting.
HBase also puts up a UI listing vital attributes. By default its deployed on the Master
host at port 16010 (HBase RegionServers listen on port 16020 by default and put up an
informational http server at 16030). If the Master were running on a host named
master.example.org
on the default port, to see the Master's homepage
you'd point your browser at http://master.example.org:16010
.
Prior to HBase 0.98, the default ports the master ui was deployed on port 16010, and the HBase RegionServers would listen on port 16020 by default and put up an informational http server at 16030.
Once HBase has started, see the ??? for how to create tables, add data, scan your insertions, and finally disable and drop your tables.
To stop HBase after exiting the HBase shell enter
$ ./bin/stop-hbase.sh stopping hbase...............
Shutdown can take a moment to complete. It can take longer if your cluster is comprised of many machines. If you are running a distributed operation, be sure to wait until HBase has shut down completely before stopping the Hadoop daemons.
Just as in Hadoop where you add site-specific HDFS configuration to the
hdfs-site.xml
file, for HBase, site specific customizations go into
the file conf/hbase-site.xml
. For the list of configurable properties,
see HBase Default Configuration below or view the raw
hbase-default.xml
source file in the HBase source code at
src/main/resources
.
Not all configuration options make it out to hbase-default.xml
.
Configuration that it is thought rare anyone would change can exist only in code; the only
way to turn up such configurations is via a reading of the source code itself.
Currently, changes here will require a cluster restart for HBase to notice the change.
The documentation below is generated using the default hbase configuration file,
hbase-default.xml
, as source.
hbase.tmp.dir
Temporary directory on the local filesystem. Change this setting to point to a location more permanent than '/tmp', the usual resolve for java.io.tmpdir, as the '/tmp' directory is cleared on machine restart.
Default. ${java.io.tmpdir}/hbase-${user.name}
hbase.rootdir
The directory shared by region servers and into which HBase persists. The URL should be 'fully-qualified' to include the filesystem scheme. For example, to specify the HDFS directory '/hbase' where the HDFS instance's namenode is running at namenode.example.org on port 9000, set this value to: hdfs://namenode.example.org:9000/hbase. By default, we write to whatever ${hbase.tmp.dir} is set too -- usually /tmp -- so change this configuration or else all data will be lost on machine restart.
Default. ${hbase.tmp.dir}/hbase
hbase.cluster.distributed
The mode the cluster will be in. Possible values are false for standalone mode and true for distributed mode. If false, startup will run all HBase and ZooKeeper daemons together in the one JVM.
Default. false
hbase.zookeeper.quorum
Comma separated list of servers in the ZooKeeper ensemble (This config. should have been named hbase.zookeeper.ensemble). For example, "host1.mydomain.com,host2.mydomain.com,host3.mydomain.com". By default this is set to localhost for local and pseudo-distributed modes of operation. For a fully-distributed setup, this should be set to a full list of ZooKeeper ensemble servers. If HBASE_MANAGES_ZK is set in hbase-env.sh this is the list of servers which hbase will start/stop ZooKeeper on as part of cluster start/stop. Client-side, we will take this list of ensemble members and put it together with the hbase.zookeeper.clientPort config. and pass it into zookeeper constructor as the connectString parameter.
Default. localhost
hbase.local.dir
Directory on the local filesystem to be used as a local storage.
Default. ${hbase.tmp.dir}/local/
hbase.master.port
The port the HBase Master should bind to.
Default. 60000
hbase.master.info.port
The port for the HBase Master web UI. Set to -1 if you do not want a UI instance run.
Default. 60010
hbase.master.info.bindAddress
The bind address for the HBase Master web UI
Default. 0.0.0.0
hbase.master.logcleaner.plugins
A comma-separated list of LogCleanerDelegate invoked by the LogsCleaner service. These WAL/HLog cleaners are called in order, so put the HLog cleaner that prunes the most HLog files in front. To implement your own LogCleanerDelegate, just put it in HBase's classpath and add the fully qualified class name here. Always add the above default log cleaners in the list.
Default. org.apache.hadoop.hbase.master.cleaner.TimeToLiveLogCleaner
hbase.master.logcleaner.ttl
Maximum time a HLog can stay in the .oldlogdir directory, after which it will be cleaned by a Master thread.
Default. 600000
hbase.master.hfilecleaner.plugins
A comma-separated list of HFileCleanerDelegate invoked by the HFileCleaner service. These HFiles cleaners are called in order, so put the cleaner that prunes the most files in front. To implement your own HFileCleanerDelegate, just put it in HBase's classpath and add the fully qualified class name here. Always add the above default log cleaners in the list as they will be overwritten in hbase-site.xml.
Default. org.apache.hadoop.hbase.master.cleaner.TimeToLiveHFileCleaner
hbase.master.catalog.timeout
Timeout value for the Catalog Janitor from the master to META.
Default. 600000
fail.fast.expired.active.master
If abort immediately for the expired master without trying to recover its zk session.
Default. false
hbase.master.dns.interface
The name of the Network Interface from which a master should report its IP address.
Default. default
hbase.master.dns.nameserver
The host name or IP address of the name server (DNS) which a master should use to determine the host name used for communication and display purposes.
Default. default
hbase.regionserver.port
The port the HBase RegionServer binds to.
Default. 60020
hbase.regionserver.info.port
The port for the HBase RegionServer web UI Set to -1 if you do not want the RegionServer UI to run.
Default. 60030
hbase.regionserver.info.bindAddress
The address for the HBase RegionServer web UI
Default. 0.0.0.0
hbase.regionserver.info.port.auto
Whether or not the Master or RegionServer UI should search for a port to bind to. Enables automatic port search if hbase.regionserver.info.port is already in use. Useful for testing, turned off by default.
Default. false
hbase.regionserver.handler.count
Count of RPC Listener instances spun up on RegionServers. Same property is used by the Master for count of master handlers.
Default. 30
hbase.ipc.server.callqueue.handler.factor
Factor to determine the number of call queues. A value of 0 means a single queue shared between all the handlers. A value of 1 means that each handler has its own queue.
Default. 0.1
hbase.ipc.server.callqueue.read.share
Split the call queues into read and write queues. A value of 0 indicate to not split the call queues. A value of 0.5 means there will be the same number of read and write queues A value of 1.0 means that all the queues except one are used to dispatch read requests.
Default. 0
hbase.regionserver.msginterval
Interval between messages from the RegionServer to Master in milliseconds.
Default. 3000
hbase.regionserver.regionSplitLimit
Limit for the number of regions after which no more region splitting should take place. This is not a hard limit for the number of regions but acts as a guideline for the regionserver to stop splitting after a certain limit. Default is MAX_INT; i.e. do not block splitting.
Default. 2147483647
hbase.regionserver.logroll.period
Period at which we will roll the commit log regardless of how many edits it has.
Default. 3600000
hbase.regionserver.logroll.errors.tolerated
The number of consecutive WAL close errors we will allow before triggering a server abort. A setting of 0 will cause the region server to abort if closing the current WAL writer fails during log rolling. Even a small value (2 or 3) will allow a region server to ride over transient HDFS errors.
Default. 2
hbase.regionserver.hlog.reader.impl
The HLog file reader implementation.
Default. org.apache.hadoop.hbase.regionserver.wal.ProtobufLogReader
hbase.regionserver.hlog.writer.impl
The HLog file writer implementation.
Default. org.apache.hadoop.hbase.regionserver.wal.ProtobufLogWriter
hbase.regionserver.global.memstore.upperLimit
Maximum size of all memstores in a region server before new updates are blocked and flushes are forced. Defaults to 40% of heap. Updates are blocked and flushes are forced until size of all memstores in a region server hits hbase.regionserver.global.memstore.lowerLimit.
Default. 0.4
hbase.regionserver.global.memstore.lowerLimit
Maximum size of all memstores in a region server before flushes are forced. Defaults to 38% of heap. This value equal to hbase.regionserver.global.memstore.upperLimit causes the minimum possible flushing to occur when updates are blocked due to memstore limiting.
Default. 0.38
hbase.regionserver.optionalcacheflushinterval
Maximum amount of time an edit lives in memory before being automatically flushed. Default 1 hour. Set it to 0 to disable automatic flushing.
Default. 3600000
hbase.regionserver.catalog.timeout
Timeout value for the Catalog Janitor from the regionserver to META.
Default. 600000
hbase.regionserver.dns.interface
The name of the Network Interface from which a region server should report its IP address.
Default. default
hbase.regionserver.dns.nameserver
The host name or IP address of the name server (DNS) which a region server should use to determine the host name used by the master for communication and display purposes.
Default. default
hbase.regionserver.region.split.policy
A split policy determines when a region should be split. The various other split policies that are available currently are ConstantSizeRegionSplitPolicy, DisabledRegionSplitPolicy, DelimitedKeyPrefixRegionSplitPolicy, KeyPrefixRegionSplitPolicy etc.
Default. org.apache.hadoop.hbase.regionserver.IncreasingToUpperBoundRegionSplitPolicy
zookeeper.session.timeout
ZooKeeper session timeout in milliseconds. It is used in two different ways. First, this value is used in the ZK client that HBase uses to connect to the ensemble. It is also used by HBase when it starts a ZK server and it is passed as the 'maxSessionTimeout'. See http://hadoop.apache.org/zookeeper/docs/current/zookeeperProgrammers.html#ch_zkSessions. For example, if a HBase region server connects to a ZK ensemble that's also managed by HBase, then the session timeout will be the one specified by this configuration. But, a region server that connects to an ensemble managed with a different configuration will be subjected that ensemble's maxSessionTimeout. So, even though HBase might propose using 90 seconds, the ensemble can have a max timeout lower than this and it will take precedence. The current default that ZK ships with is 40 seconds, which is lower than HBase's.
Default. 90000
zookeeper.znode.parent
Root ZNode for HBase in ZooKeeper. All of HBase's ZooKeeper files that are configured with a relative path will go under this node. By default, all of HBase's ZooKeeper file path are configured with a relative path, so they will all go under this directory unless changed.
Default. /hbase
zookeeper.znode.rootserver
Path to ZNode holding root region location. This is written by the master and read by clients and region servers. If a relative path is given, the parent folder will be ${zookeeper.znode.parent}. By default, this means the root location is stored at /hbase/root-region-server.
Default. root-region-server
zookeeper.znode.acl.parent
Root ZNode for access control lists.
Default. acl
hbase.zookeeper.dns.interface
The name of the Network Interface from which a ZooKeeper server should report its IP address.
Default. default
hbase.zookeeper.dns.nameserver
The host name or IP address of the name server (DNS) which a ZooKeeper server should use to determine the host name used by the master for communication and display purposes.
Default. default
hbase.zookeeper.peerport
Port used by ZooKeeper peers to talk to each other. Seehttp://hadoop.apache.org/zookeeper/docs/r3.1.1/zookeeperStarted.html#sc_RunningReplicatedZooKeeper for more information.
Default. 2888
hbase.zookeeper.leaderport
Port used by ZooKeeper for leader election. See http://hadoop.apache.org/zookeeper/docs/r3.1.1/zookeeperStarted.html#sc_RunningReplicatedZooKeeper for more information.
Default. 3888
hbase.zookeeper.useMulti
Instructs HBase to make use of ZooKeeper's multi-update functionality. This allows certain ZooKeeper operations to complete more quickly and prevents some issues with rare Replication failure scenarios (see the release note of HBASE-2611 for an example). IMPORTANT: only set this to true if all ZooKeeper servers in the cluster are on version 3.4+ and will not be downgraded. ZooKeeper versions before 3.4 do not support multi-update and will not fail gracefully if multi-update is invoked (see ZOOKEEPER-1495).
Default. false
hbase.config.read.zookeeper.config
Set to true to allow HBaseConfiguration to read the zoo.cfg file for ZooKeeper properties. Switching this to true is not recommended, since the functionality of reading ZK properties from a zoo.cfg file has been deprecated.
Default. false
hbase.zookeeper.property.initLimit
Property from ZooKeeper's config zoo.cfg. The number of ticks that the initial synchronization phase can take.
Default. 10
hbase.zookeeper.property.syncLimit
Property from ZooKeeper's config zoo.cfg. The number of ticks that can pass between sending a request and getting an acknowledgment.
Default. 5
hbase.zookeeper.property.dataDir
Property from ZooKeeper's config zoo.cfg. The directory where the snapshot is stored.
Default. ${hbase.tmp.dir}/zookeeper
hbase.zookeeper.property.clientPort
Property from ZooKeeper's config zoo.cfg. The port at which the clients will connect.
Default. 2181
hbase.zookeeper.property.maxClientCnxns
Property from ZooKeeper's config zoo.cfg. Limit on number of concurrent connections (at the socket level) that a single client, identified by IP address, may make to a single member of the ZooKeeper ensemble. Set high to avoid zk connection issues running standalone and pseudo-distributed.
Default. 300
hbase.client.write.buffer
Default size of the HTable client write buffer in bytes. A bigger buffer takes more memory -- on both the client and server side since server instantiates the passed write buffer to process it -- but a larger buffer size reduces the number of RPCs made. For an estimate of server-side memory-used, evaluate hbase.client.write.buffer * hbase.regionserver.handler.count
Default. 2097152
hbase.client.pause
General client pause value. Used mostly as value to wait before running a retry of a failed get, region lookup, etc. See hbase.client.retries.number for description of how we backoff from this initial pause amount and how this pause works w/ retries.
Default. 100
hbase.client.retries.number
Maximum retries. Used as maximum for all retryable operations such as the getting of a cell's value, starting a row update, etc. Retry interval is a rough function based on hbase.client.pause. At first we retry at this interval but then with backoff, we pretty quickly reach retrying every ten seconds. See HConstants#RETRY_BACKOFF for how the backup ramps up. Change this setting and hbase.client.pause to suit your workload.
Default. 35
hbase.client.max.total.tasks
The maximum number of concurrent tasks a single HTable instance will send to the cluster.
Default. 100
hbase.client.max.perserver.tasks
The maximum number of concurrent tasks a single HTable instance will send to a single region server.
Default. 5
hbase.client.max.perregion.tasks
The maximum number of concurrent connections the client will maintain to a single Region. That is, if there is already hbase.client.max.perregion.tasks writes in progress for this region, new puts won't be sent to this region until some writes finishes.
Default. 1
hbase.client.scanner.caching
Number of rows that will be fetched when calling next on a scanner if it is not served from (local, client) memory. Higher caching values will enable faster scanners but will eat up more memory and some calls of next may take longer and longer times when the cache is empty. Do not set this value such that the time between invocations is greater than the scanner timeout; i.e. hbase.client.scanner.timeout.period
Default. 100
hbase.client.keyvalue.maxsize
Specifies the combined maximum allowed size of a KeyValue instance. This is to set an upper boundary for a single entry saved in a storage file. Since they cannot be split it helps avoiding that a region cannot be split any further because the data is too large. It seems wise to set this to a fraction of the maximum region size. Setting it to zero or less disables the check.
Default. 10485760
hbase.client.scanner.timeout.period
Client scanner lease period in milliseconds.
Default. 60000
hbase.client.localityCheck.threadPoolSize
Default. 2
hbase.client.prefetch
Toggles region location prefetching on or off.
Default. true
hbase.client.prefetch.limit
The maximum number of region locations that will be prefetched at one time.
Default. 10
hbase.bulkload.retries.number
Maximum retries. This is maximum number of iterations to atomic bulk loads are attempted in the face of splitting operations 0 means never give up.
Default. 0
hbase.balancer.period
Period at which the region balancer runs in the Master.
Default. 300000
hbase.regions.slop
Rebalance if any regionserver has average + (average * slop) regions.
Default. 0.2
hbase.server.thread.wakefrequency
Time to sleep in between searches for work (in milliseconds). Used as sleep interval by service threads such as log roller.
Default. 10000
hbase.server.versionfile.writeattempts
How many time to retry attempting to write a version file before just aborting. Each attempt is seperated by the hbase.server.thread.wakefrequency milliseconds.
Default. 3
hbase.hregion.memstore.flush.size
Memstore will be flushed to disk if size of the memstore exceeds this number of bytes. Value is checked by a thread that runs every hbase.server.thread.wakefrequency.
Default. 134217728
hbase.hregion.preclose.flush.size
If the memstores in a region are this size or larger when we go to close, run a "pre-flush" to clear out memstores before we put up the region closed flag and take the region offline. On close, a flush is run under the close flag to empty memory. During this time the region is offline and we are not taking on any writes. If the memstore content is large, this flush could take a long time to complete. The preflush is meant to clean out the bulk of the memstore before putting up the close flag and taking the region offline so the flush that runs under the close flag has little to do.
Default. 5242880
hbase.hregion.memstore.block.multiplier
Block updates if memstore has hbase.hregion.memstore.block.multiplier times hbase.hregion.memstore.flush.size bytes. Useful preventing runaway memstore during spikes in update traffic. Without an upper-bound, memstore fills such that when it flushes the resultant flush files take a long time to compact or split, or worse, we OOME.
Default. 4
hbase.hregion.memstore.mslab.enabled
Enables the MemStore-Local Allocation Buffer, a feature which works to prevent heap fragmentation under heavy write loads. This can reduce the frequency of stop-the-world GC pauses on large heaps.
Default. true
hbase.hregion.max.filesize
Maximum HStoreFile size. If any one of a column families' HStoreFiles has grown to exceed this value, the hosting HRegion is split in two.
Default. 10737418240
hbase.hregion.majorcompaction
The time (in miliseconds) between 'major' compactions of all HStoreFiles in a region. Default: Set to 7 days. Major compactions tend to happen exactly when you need them least so enable them such that they run at off-peak for your deploy; or, since this setting is on a periodicity that is unlikely to match your loading, run the compactions via an external invocation out of a cron job or some such.
Default. 604800000
hbase.hregion.majorcompaction.jitter
Jitter outer bound for major compactions. On each regionserver, we multiply the hbase.region.majorcompaction interval by some random fraction that is inside the bounds of this maximum. We then add this + or - product to when the next major compaction is to run. The idea is that major compaction does happen on every regionserver at exactly the same time. The smaller this number, the closer the compactions come together.
Default. 0.50
hbase.hstore.compactionThreshold
If more than this number of HStoreFiles in any one HStore (one HStoreFile is written per flush of memstore) then a compaction is run to rewrite all HStoreFiles files as one. Larger numbers put off compaction but when it runs, it takes longer to complete.
Default. 3
hbase.hstore.flusher.count
The number of flush threads. With less threads, the memstore flushes will be queued. With more threads, the flush will be executed in parallel, increasing the hdfs load. This can lead as well to more compactions.
Default. 2
hbase.hstore.blockingStoreFiles
If more than this number of StoreFiles in any one Store (one StoreFile is written per flush of MemStore) then updates are blocked for this HRegion until a compaction is completed, or until hbase.hstore.blockingWaitTime has been exceeded.
Default. 10
hbase.hstore.blockingWaitTime
The time an HRegion will block updates for after hitting the StoreFile limit defined by hbase.hstore.blockingStoreFiles. After this time has elapsed, the HRegion will stop blocking updates even if a compaction has not been completed.
Default. 90000
hbase.hstore.compaction.max
Max number of HStoreFiles to compact per 'minor' compaction.
Default. 10
hbase.hstore.compaction.kv.max
How many KeyValues to read and then write in a batch when flushing or compacting. Do less if big KeyValues and problems with OOME. Do more if wide, small rows.
Default. 10
hbase.storescanner.parallel.seek.enable
Enables StoreFileScanner parallel-seeking in StoreScanner, a feature which can reduce response latency under special conditions.
Default. false
hbase.storescanner.parallel.seek.threads
The default thread pool size if parallel-seeking feature enabled.
Default. 10
hfile.block.cache.size
Percentage of maximum heap (-Xmx setting) to allocate to block cache used by HFile/StoreFile. Default of 0.4 means allocate 40%. Set to 0 to disable but it's not recommended; you need at least enough cache to hold the storefile indices.
Default. 0.4
hfile.block.index.cacheonwrite
This allows to put non-root multi-level index blocks into the block cache at the time the index is being written.
Default. false
hfile.index.block.max.size
When the size of a leaf-level, intermediate-level, or root-level index block in a multi-level block index grows to this size, the block is written out and a new block is started.
Default. 131072
hfile.format.version
The HFile format version to use for new files. Set this to 1 to test backwards-compatibility. The default value of this option should be consistent with FixedFileTrailer.MAX_VERSION.
Default. 2
hfile.block.bloom.cacheonwrite
Enables cache-on-write for inline blocks of a compound Bloom filter.
Default. false
io.storefile.bloom.block.size
The size in bytes of a single block ("chunk") of a compound Bloom filter. This size is approximate, because Bloom blocks can only be inserted at data block boundaries, and the number of keys per data block varies.
Default. 131072
hbase.rs.cacheblocksonwrite
Whether an HFile block should be added to the block cache when the block is finished.
Default. false
hbase.rpc.server.engine
Implementation of org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.RpcServerEngine to be used for server RPC call marshalling.
Default. org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.ProtobufRpcServerEngine
hbase.rpc.timeout
This is for the RPC layer to define how long HBase client applications take for a remote call to time out. It uses pings to check connections but will eventually throw a TimeoutException.
Default. 60000
hbase.rpc.shortoperation.timeout
This is another version of "hbase.rpc.timeout". For those RPC operation within cluster, we rely on this configuration to set a short timeout limitation for short operation. For example, short rpc timeout for region server's trying to report to active master can benefit quicker master failover process.
Default. 10000
hbase.ipc.client.tcpnodelay
Set no delay on rpc socket connections. See http://docs.oracle.com/javase/1.5.0/docs/api/java/net/Socket.html#getTcpNoDelay()
Default. true
hbase.master.keytab.file
Full path to the kerberos keytab file to use for logging in the configured HMaster server principal.
Default.
hbase.master.kerberos.principal
Ex. "hbase/_HOST@EXAMPLE.COM". The kerberos principal name that should be used to run the HMaster process. The principal name should be in the form: user/hostname@DOMAIN. If "_HOST" is used as the hostname portion, it will be replaced with the actual hostname of the running instance.
Default.
hbase.regionserver.keytab.file
Full path to the kerberos keytab file to use for logging in the configured HRegionServer server principal.
Default.
hbase.regionserver.kerberos.principal
Ex. "hbase/_HOST@EXAMPLE.COM". The kerberos principal name that should be used to run the HRegionServer process. The principal name should be in the form: user/hostname@DOMAIN. If "_HOST" is used as the hostname portion, it will be replaced with the actual hostname of the running instance. An entry for this principal must exist in the file specified in hbase.regionserver.keytab.file
Default.
hadoop.policy.file
The policy configuration file used by RPC servers to make authorization decisions on client requests. Only used when HBase security is enabled.
Default. hbase-policy.xml
hbase.superuser
List of users or groups (comma-separated), who are allowed full privileges, regardless of stored ACLs, across the cluster. Only used when HBase security is enabled.
Default.
hbase.auth.key.update.interval
The update interval for master key for authentication tokens in servers in milliseconds. Only used when HBase security is enabled.
Default. 86400000
hbase.auth.token.max.lifetime
The maximum lifetime in milliseconds after which an authentication token expires. Only used when HBase security is enabled.
Default. 604800000
hbase.ipc.client.fallback-to-simple-auth-allowed
When a client is configured to attempt a secure connection, but attempts to connect to an insecure server, that server may instruct the client to switch to SASL SIMPLE (unsecure) authentication. This setting controls whether or not the client will accept this instruction from the server. When false (the default), the client will not allow the fallback to SIMPLE authentication, and will abort the connection.
Default. false
hbase.coprocessor.region.classes
A comma-separated list of Coprocessors that are loaded by default on all tables. For any override coprocessor method, these classes will be called in order. After implementing your own Coprocessor, just put it in HBase's classpath and add the fully qualified class name here. A coprocessor can also be loaded on demand by setting HTableDescriptor.
Default.
hbase.rest.port
The port for the HBase REST server.
Default. 8080
hbase.rest.readonly
Defines the mode the REST server will be started in. Possible values are: false: All HTTP methods are permitted - GET/PUT/POST/DELETE. true: Only the GET method is permitted.
Default. false
hbase.rest.threads.max
The maximum number of threads of the REST server thread pool. Threads in the pool are reused to process REST requests. This controls the maximum number of requests processed concurrently. It may help to control the memory used by the REST server to avoid OOM issues. If the thread pool is full, incoming requests will be queued up and wait for some free threads.
Default. 100
hbase.rest.threads.min
The minimum number of threads of the REST server thread pool. The thread pool always has at least these number of threads so the REST server is ready to serve incoming requests.
Default. 2
hbase.rest.support.proxyuser
Enables running the REST server to support proxy-user mode.
Default. false
hbase.defaults.for.version.skip
Set to true to skip the 'hbase.defaults.for.version' check. Setting this to true can be useful in contexts other than the other side of a maven generation; i.e. running in an ide. You'll want to set this boolean to true to avoid seeing the RuntimException complaint: "hbase-default.xml file seems to be for and old version of HBase (\${hbase.version}), this version is X.X.X-SNAPSHOT"
Default. false
hbase.coprocessor.master.classes
A comma-separated list of org.apache.hadoop.hbase.coprocessor.MasterObserver coprocessors that are loaded by default on the active HMaster process. For any implemented coprocessor methods, the listed classes will be called in order. After implementing your own MasterObserver, just put it in HBase's classpath and add the fully qualified class name here.
Default.
hbase.coprocessor.abortonerror
Set to true to cause the hosting server (master or regionserver) to abort if a coprocessor fails to load, fails to initialize, or throws an unexpected Throwable object. Setting this to false will allow the server to continue execution but the system wide state of the coprocessor in question will become inconsistent as it will be properly executing in only a subset of servers, so this is most useful for debugging only.
Default. true
hbase.online.schema.update.enable
Set true to enable online schema changes.
Default. true
hbase.table.lock.enable
Set to true to enable locking the table in zookeeper for schema change operations. Table locking from master prevents concurrent schema modifications to corrupt table state.
Default. true
hbase.thrift.minWorkerThreads
The "core size" of the thread pool. New threads are created on every connection until this many threads are created.
Default. 16
hbase.thrift.maxWorkerThreads
The maximum size of the thread pool. When the pending request queue overflows, new threads are created until their number reaches this number. After that, the server starts dropping connections.
Default. 1000
hbase.thrift.maxQueuedRequests
The maximum number of pending Thrift connections waiting in the queue. If there are no idle threads in the pool, the server queues requests. Only when the queue overflows, new threads are added, up to hbase.thrift.maxQueuedRequests threads.
Default. 1000
hbase.thrift.htablepool.size.max
The upper bound for the table pool used in the Thrift gateways server. Since this is per table name, we assume a single table and so with 1000 default worker threads max this is set to a matching number. For other workloads this number can be adjusted as needed.
Default. 1000
hbase.regionserver.thrift.framed
Use Thrift TFramedTransport on the server side. This is the recommended transport for thrift servers and requires a similar setting on the client side. Changing this to false will select the default transport, vulnerable to DoS when malformed requests are issued due to THRIFT-601.
Default. false
hbase.regionserver.thrift.framed.max_frame_size_in_mb
Default frame size when using framed transport
Default. 2
hbase.regionserver.thrift.compact
Use Thrift TCompactProtocol binary serialization protocol.
Default. false
hbase.offheapcache.percentage
The amount of off heap space to be allocated towards the experimental off heap cache. If you desire the cache to be disabled, simply set this value to 0.
Default. 0
hbase.data.umask.enable
Enable, if true, that file permissions should be assigned to the files written by the regionserver
Default. false
hbase.data.umask
File permissions that should be used to write data files when hbase.data.umask.enable is true
Default. 000
hbase.metrics.showTableName
Whether to include the prefix "tbl.tablename" in per-column family metrics. If true, for each metric M, per-cf metrics will be reported for tbl.T.cf.CF.M, if false, per-cf metrics will be aggregated by column-family across tables, and reported for cf.CF.M. In both cases, the aggregated metric M across tables and cfs will be reported.
Default. true
hbase.metrics.exposeOperationTimes
Whether to report metrics about time taken performing an operation on the region server. Get, Put, Delete, Increment, and Append can all have their times exposed through Hadoop metrics per CF and per region.
Default. true
hbase.snapshot.enabled
Set to true to allow snapshots to be taken / restored / cloned.
Default. true
hbase.snapshot.format.version
The Snapshot format version to use for new snapshots. 1 is the old format used by 0.94, 0.96 and 0.98 as default. 2 is the new format, which should be used if all the clients that are accessing snapshots via MR job are updated with the latest hbase jars. By switching to version 2, the previous snapshots will still be readable.
Default. 1
hbase.snapshot.restore.take.failsafe.snapshot
Set to true to take a snapshot before the restore operation. The snapshot taken will be used in case of failure, to restore the previous state. At the end of the restore operation this snapshot will be deleted
Default. true
hbase.snapshot.restore.failsafe.name
Name of the failsafe snapshot taken by the restore operation. You can use the {snapshot.name}, {table.name} and {restore.timestamp} variables to create a name based on what you are restoring.
Default. hbase-failsafe-{snapshot.name}-{restore.timestamp}
hbase.server.compactchecker.interval.multiplier
The number that determines how often we scan to see if compaction is necessary. Normally, compactions are done after some events (such as memstore flush), but if region didn't receive a lot of writes for some time, or due to different compaction policies, it may be necessary to check it periodically. The interval between checks is hbase.server.compactchecker.interval.multiplier multiplied by hbase.server.thread.wakefrequency.
Default. 1000
hbase.lease.recovery.timeout
How long we wait on dfs lease recovery in total before giving up.
Default. 900000
hbase.lease.recovery.dfs.timeout
How long between dfs recover lease invocations. Should be larger than the sum of the time it takes for the namenode to issue a block recovery command as part of datanode; dfs.heartbeat.interval and the time it takes for the primary datanode, performing block recovery to timeout on a dead datanode; usually dfs.socket.timeout. See the end of HBASE-8389 for more.
Default. 64000
hbase.column.max.version
New column family descriptors will use this value as the default number of versions to keep.
Default. 1
hbase.dfs.client.read.shortcircuit.buffer.size
If the DFSClient configuration dfs.client.read.shortcircuit.buffer.size is unset, we will use what is configured here as the short circuit read default direct byte buffer size. DFSClient native default is 1MB; HBase keeps its HDFS files open so number of file blocks * 1MB soon starts to add up and threaten OOME because of a shortage of direct memory. So, we set it down from the default. Make it > the default hbase block size set in the HColumnDescriptor which is usually 64k.
Default. 131072
hbase.regionserver.checksum.verify
If set to true, HBase will read data and then verify checksums for hfile blocks. Checksum verification inside HDFS will be switched off. If the hbase-checksum verification fails, then it will switch back to using HDFS checksums.
Default. true
hbase.hstore.bytes.per.checksum
Number of bytes in a newly created checksum chunk for HBase-level checksums in hfile blocks.
Default. 16384
hbase.hstore.checksum.algorithm
Name of an algorithm that is used to compute checksums. Possible values are NULL, CRC32, CRC32C.
Default. CRC32
hbase.status.published
This setting activates the publication by the master of the status of the region server. When a region server dies and its recovery starts, the master will push this information to the client application, to let them cut the connection immediately instead of waiting for a timeout.
Default. false
hbase.status.publisher.class
Implementation of the status publication with a multicast message.
Default. org.apache.hadoop.hbase.master.ClusterStatusPublisher$MulticastPublisher
hbase.status.listener.class
Implementation of the status listener with a multicast message.
Default. org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ClusterStatusListener$MulticastListener
hbase.status.multicast.address.ip
Multicast address to use for the status publication by multicast.
Default. 226.1.1.3
hbase.status.multicast.address.port
Multicast port to use for the status publication by multicast.
Default. 60100
hbase.dynamic.jars.dir
The directory from which the custom filter/co-processor jars can be loaded dynamically by the region server without the need to restart. However, an already loaded filter/co-processor class would not be un-loaded. See HBASE-1936 for more details.
Default. ${hbase.rootdir}/lib
hbase.security.authentication
Controls whether or not secure authentication is enabled for HBase. Possible values are 'simple' (no authentication), and 'kerberos'.
Default. simple
hbase.rest.filter.classes
Servlet filters for REST service.
Default. org.apache.hadoop.hbase.rest.filter.GzipFilter
hbase.rest.filter.classes
Servlet filters for REST service.
Default. org.apache.hadoop.hbase.rest.filter.GzipFilter
hbase.master.loadbalancer.class
Class used to execute the regions balancing when the period occurs. See the class comment for more on how it works http://hbase.apache.org/devapidocs/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/master/balancer/StochasticLoadBalancer.html It replaces the DefaultLoadBalancer as the default (since renamed as the SimpleLoadBalancer).
Default. org.apache.hadoop.hbase.master.balancer.StochasticLoadBalancer
hbase.security.exec.permission.checks
If this setting is enabled and ACL based access control is active (the AccessController coprocessor is installed either as a system coprocessor or on a table as a table coprocessor) then you must grant all relevant users EXEC privilege if they require the ability to execute coprocessor endpoint calls. EXEC privilege, like any other permission, can be granted globally to a user, or to a user on a per table or per namespace basis. For more information on coprocessor endpoints, see the coprocessor section of the HBase online manual. For more information on granting or revoking permissions using the AccessController, see the security section of the HBase online manual.
Default. false
hbase.procedure.regionserver.classes
A comma-separated list of org.apache.hadoop.hbase.procedure.RegionServerProcedureManager procedure managers that are loaded by default on the active HRegionServer process. The lifecycle methods (init/start/stop) will be called by the active HRegionServer process to perform the specific globally barriered procedure. After implementing your own RegionServerProcedureManager, just put it in HBase's classpath and add the fully qualified class name here.
Default.
hbase.procedure.master.classes
A comma-separated list of org.apache.hadoop.hbase.procedure.MasterProcedureManager procedure managers that are loaded by default on the active HMaster process. A procedure is identified by its signature and users can use the signature and an instant name to trigger an execution of a globally barriered procedure. After implementing your own MasterProcedureManager, just put it in HBase's classpath and add the fully qualified class name here.
Default.
hbase.security.visibility.mutations.checkauths
This property if enabled, will check whether the labels in the visibility expression are associated with the user issuing the mutation
Default. false
Set HBase environment variables in this file. Examples include options to pass the JVM
on start of an HBase daemon such as heap size and garbage collector configs. You can also
set configurations for HBase configuration, log directories, niceness, ssh options, where to
locate process pid files, etc. Open the file at conf/hbase-env.sh
and
peruse its content. Each option is fairly well documented. Add your own environment
variables here if you want them read by HBase daemons on startup.
Changes here will require a cluster restart for HBase to notice the change.
Edit this file to change rate at which HBase files are rolled and to change the level at which HBase logs messages.
Changes here will require a cluster restart for HBase to notice the change though log levels can be changed for particular daemons via the HBase UI.
If you are running HBase in standalone mode, you don't need to configure anything for your client to work provided that they are all on the same machine.
Since the HBase Master may move around, clients bootstrap by looking to ZooKeeper for
current critical locations. ZooKeeper is where all these values are kept. Thus clients
require the location of the ZooKeeper ensemble information before they can do anything else.
Usually this the ensemble location is kept out in the hbase-site.xml
and is picked up by the client from the CLASSPATH
.
If you are configuring an IDE to run a HBase client, you should include the
conf/
directory on your classpath so
hbase-site.xml
settings can be found (or add
src/test/resources
to pick up the hbase-site.xml used by tests).
Minimally, a client of HBase needs several libraries in its
CLASSPATH
when connecting to a cluster, including:
commons-configuration (commons-configuration-1.6.jar) commons-lang (commons-lang-2.5.jar) commons-logging (commons-logging-1.1.1.jar) hadoop-core (hadoop-core-1.0.0.jar) hbase (hbase-0.92.0.jar) log4j (log4j-1.2.16.jar) slf4j-api (slf4j-api-1.5.8.jar) slf4j-log4j (slf4j-log4j12-1.5.8.jar) zookeeper (zookeeper-3.4.2.jar)
An example basic hbase-site.xml
for client only might look as
follows:
<?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?> <configuration> <property> <name>hbase.zookeeper.quorum</name> <value>example1,example2,example3</value> <description>The directory shared by region servers. </description> </property> </configuration>
The configuration used by a Java client is kept in an HBaseConfiguration
instance. The factory method on HBaseConfiguration,
HBaseConfiguration.create();
, on invocation, will read in the content of
the first hbase-site.xml
found on the client's
CLASSPATH
, if one is present (Invocation will also factor in any
hbase-default.xml
found; an hbase-default.xml ships inside the
hbase.X.X.X.jar
). It is also possible to specify configuration
directly without having to read from a hbase-site.xml
. For example,
to set the ZooKeeper ensemble for the cluster programmatically do as follows:
Configuration config = HBaseConfiguration.create(); config.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum", "localhost"); // Here we are running zookeeper locally
If multiple ZooKeeper instances make up your ZooKeeper ensemble, they may be specified in
a comma-separated list (just as in the hbase-site.xml
file). This
populated Configuration
instance can then be passed to an HTable,
and so on.
Here is an example basic configuration for a distributed ten node cluster. The nodes are
named example0
, example1
, etc., through node
example9
in this example. The HBase Master and the HDFS namenode are
running on the node example0
. RegionServers run on nodes
example1
-example9
. A 3-node ZooKeeper ensemble runs
on example1
, example2
, and example3
on the default ports. ZooKeeper data is persisted to the directory
/export/zookeeper
. Below we show what the main configuration files --
hbase-site.xml
, regionservers
, and
hbase-env.sh
-- found in the HBase conf
directory might look like.
<?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?> <configuration> <property> <name>hbase.zookeeper.quorum</name> <value>example1,example2,example3</value> <description>The directory shared by RegionServers. </description> </property> <property> <name>hbase.zookeeper.property.dataDir</name> <value>/export/zookeeper</value> <description>Property from ZooKeeper config zoo.cfg. The directory where the snapshot is stored. </description> </property> <property> <name>hbase.rootdir</name> <value>hdfs://example0:8020/hbase</value> <description>The directory shared by RegionServers. </description> </property> <property> <name>hbase.cluster.distributed</name> <value>true</value> <description>The mode the cluster will be in. Possible values are false: standalone and pseudo-distributed setups with managed Zookeeper true: fully-distributed with unmanaged Zookeeper Quorum (see hbase-env.sh) </description> </property> </configuration>
In this file you list the nodes that will run RegionServers. In our case, these nodes
are example1
-example9
.
example1 example2 example3 example4 example5 example6 example7 example8 example9
The following lines in the hbase-env.sh
file show how to set the
JAVA_HOME
environment variable (required for HBase 0.98.5 and newer) and
set the heap to 4 GB (rather than the default value of 1 GB). If you copy and paste this
example, be sure to adjust the JAVA_HOME
to suit your environment.
# The java implementation to use. export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0/ # The maximum amount of heap to use, in MB. Default is 1000. export HBASE_HEAPSIZE=4096
Use rsync to copy the content of the conf
directory to all nodes of the cluster.
Below we list what the important Configurations. We've divided this section into required configuration and worth-a-look recommended configs.
Review the Operating System Utilities and Section 1.1.1, “Hadoop” sections.
If a cluster with a lot of regions, it is possible if an eager beaver regionserver
checks in soon after master start while all the rest in the cluster are laggardly, this
first server to checkin will be assigned all regions. If lots of regions, this first
server could buckle under the load. To prevent the above scenario happening up the
hbase.master.wait.on.regionservers.mintostart
from its default value
of 1. See HBASE-6389 Modify the
conditions to ensure that Master waits for sufficient number of Region Servers before
starting region assignments for more detail.
If the primary Master loses its connection with ZooKeeper, it will fall into a loop
where it keeps trying to reconnect. Disable this functionality if you are running more
than one Master: i.e. a backup Master. Failing to do so, the dying Master may continue to
receive RPCs though another Master has assumed the role of primary. See the configuration fail.fast.expired.active.master
.
The default timeout is three minutes (specified in milliseconds). This means that if a server crashes, it will be three minutes before the Master notices the crash and starts recovery. You might like to tune the timeout down to a minute or even less so the Master notices failures the sooner. Before changing this value, be sure you have your JVM garbage collection configuration under control otherwise, a long garbage collection that lasts beyond the ZooKeeper session timeout will take out your RegionServer (You might be fine with this -- you probably want recovery to start on the server if a RegionServer has been in GC for a long period of time).
To change this configuration, edit hbase-site.xml
, copy the
changed file around the cluster and restart.
We set this value high to save our having to field noob questions up on the mailing lists asking why a RegionServer went down during a massive import. The usual cause is that their JVM is untuned and they are running into long GC pauses. Our thinking is that while users are getting familiar with HBase, we'd save them having to know all of its intricacies. Later when they've built some confidence, then they can play with configuration such as this.
See ???.
This is the "...number of volumes that are allowed to fail before a datanode stops
offering service. By default any volume failure will cause a datanode to shutdown" from
the hdfs-default.xml
description. If you have > three or four
disks, you might want to set this to 1 or if you have many disks, two or more.
This setting defines the number of threads that are kept open to answer incoming requests to user tables. The rule of thumb is to keep this number low when the payload per request approaches the MB (big puts, scans using a large cache) and high when the payload is small (gets, small puts, ICVs, deletes). The total size of the queries in progress is limited by the setting "hbase.ipc.server.max.callqueue.size".
It is safe to set that number to the maximum number of incoming clients if their payload is small, the typical example being a cluster that serves a website since puts aren't typically buffered and most of the operations are gets.
The reason why it is dangerous to keep this setting high is that the aggregate size of all the puts that are currently happening in a region server may impose too much pressure on its memory, or even trigger an OutOfMemoryError. A region server running on low memory will trigger its JVM's garbage collector to run more frequently up to a point where GC pauses become noticeable (the reason being that all the memory used to keep all the requests' payloads cannot be trashed, no matter how hard the garbage collector tries). After some time, the overall cluster throughput is affected since every request that hits that region server will take longer, which exacerbates the problem even more.
You can get a sense of whether you have too little or too many handlers by ??? on an individual RegionServer then tailing its logs (Queued requests consume memory).
HBase ships with a reasonable, conservative configuration that will work on nearly all machine types that people might want to test with. If you have larger machines -- HBase has 8G and larger heap -- you might the following configuration options helpful. TODO.
You should consider enabling ColumnFamily compression. There are several options that are near-frictionless and in most all cases boost performance by reducing the size of StoreFiles and thus reducing I/O.
See ??? for more information.
HBase uses ??? to recover the memstore data that has not been flushed to disk in case of an RS failure. These WAL files should be configured to be slightly smaller than HDFS block (by default, HDFS block is 64Mb and WAL file is ~60Mb).
HBase also has a limit on number of WAL files, designed to ensure there's never too much data that needs to be replayed during recovery. This limit needs to be set according to memstore configuration, so that all the necessary data would fit. It is recommended to allocated enough WAL files to store at least that much data (when all memstores are close to full). For example, with 16Gb RS heap, default memstore settings (0.4), and default WAL file size (~60Mb), 16Gb*0.4/60, the starting point for WAL file count is ~109. However, as all memstores are not expected to be full all the time, less WAL files can be allocated.
HBase generally handles splitting your regions, based upon the settings in your
hbase-default.xml
and hbase-site.xml
configuration files. Important settings include
hbase.regionserver.region.split.policy
,
hbase.hregion.max.filesize
,
hbase.regionserver.regionSplitLimit
. A simplistic view of splitting
is that when a region grows to hbase.hregion.max.filesize
, it is split.
For most use patterns, most of the time, you should use automatic splitting. See ??? for more information about manual region
splitting.
Instead of allowing HBase to split your regions automatically, you can choose to manage the splitting yourself. This feature was added in HBase 0.90.0. Manually managing splits works if you know your keyspace well, otherwise let HBase figure where to split for you. Manual splitting can mitigate region creation and movement under load. It also makes it so region boundaries are known and invariant (if you disable region splitting). If you use manual splits, it is easier doing staggered, time-based major compactions spread out your network IO load.
Disable Automatic Splitting. To disable automatic splitting, set hbase.hregion.max.filesize
to
a very large value, such as 100 GB
It is not recommended to set it to
its absolute maximum value of Long.MAX_VALUE
.
If you disable automatic splits to diagnose a problem or during a period of fast data growth, it is recommended to re-enable them when your situation becomes more stable. The potential benefits of managing region splits yourself are not undisputed.
Determine the Optimal Number of Pre-Split Regions. The optimal number of pre-split regions depends on your application and environment. A good rule of thumb is to start with 10 pre-split regions per server and watch as data grows over time. It is better to err on the side of too few regions and perform rolling splits later. The optimal number of regions depends upon the largest StoreFile in your region. The size of the largest StoreFile will increase with time if the amount of data grows. The goal is for the largest region to be just large enough that the compaction selection algorithm only compacts it during a timed major compaction. Otherwise, the cluster can be prone to compaction storms where a large number of regions under compaction at the same time. It is important to understand that the data growth causes compaction storms, and not the manual split decision.
If the regions are split into too many large regions, you can increase the major
compaction interval by configuring HConstants.MAJOR_COMPACTION_PERIOD
.
HBase 0.90 introduced org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.RegionSplitter
,
which provides a network-IO-safe rolling split of all regions.
By default, major compactions are scheduled to run once in a 7-day period. Prior to HBase 0.96.x, major compactions were scheduled to happen once per day by default.
If you need to control exactly when and how often major compaction runs, you can
disable managed major compactions. See the entry for
hbase.hregion.majorcompaction
in the ??? table for details.
Major compactions are absolutely necessary for StoreFile clean-up. Do not disable them altogether. You can run major compactions manually via the HBase shell or via the HBaseAdmin API.
For more information about compactions and the compaction file selection process, see ???
Speculative Execution of MapReduce tasks is on by default, and for HBase clusters it
is generally advised to turn off Speculative Execution at a system-level unless you need
it for a specific case, where it can be configured per-job. Set the properties
mapreduce.map.speculative
and
mapreduce.reduce.speculative
to false.
The balancer is a periodic operation which is run on the master to redistribute regions on the cluster. It is configured via
hbase.balancer.period
and defaults to 300000 (5 minutes).
See ??? for more information on the LoadBalancer.
Do not turn off block cache (You'd do it by setting hbase.block.cache.size
to zero).
Currently we do not do well if you do this because the regionserver will spend all its time loading hfile
indices over and over again. If your working set it such that block cache does you no good, at least
size the block cache such that hfile indices will stay up in the cache (you can get a rough idea
on the size you need by surveying regionserver UIs; you'll see index block size accounted near the
top of the webpage).
If a big 40ms or so occasional delay is seen in operations against HBase, try the Nagles' setting. For example, see the user mailing list thread, Inconsistent scan performance with caching set to 1 and the issue cited therein where setting notcpdelay improved scan speeds. You might also see the graphs on the tail of HBASE-7008 Set scanner caching to a better default where our Lars Hofhansl tries various data sizes w/ Nagle's on and off measuring the effect.
This section is about configurations that will make servers come back faster after a fail. See the Deveraj Das an Nicolas Liochon blog post Introduction to HBase Mean Time to Recover (MTTR) for a brief introduction.
The issue HBASE-8354 forces Namenode into loop with lease recovery requests is messy but has a bunch of good discussion toward the end on low timeouts and how to effect faster recovery including citation of fixes added to HDFS. Read the Varun Sharma comments. The below suggested configurations are Varun's suggestions distilled and tested. Make sure you are running on a late-version HDFS so you have the fixes he refers too and himself adds to HDFS that help HBase MTTR (e.g. HDFS-3703, HDFS-3712, and HDFS-4791 -- hadoop 2 for sure has them and late hadoop 1 has some). Set the following in the RegionServer.
<property> <property> <name>hbase.lease.recovery.dfs.timeout</name> <value>23000</value> <description>How much time we allow elapse between calls to recover lease. Should be larger than the dfs timeout.</description> </property> <property> <name>dfs.client.socket-timeout</name> <value>10000</value> <description>Down the DFS timeout from 60 to 10 seconds.</description> </property>
And on the namenode/datanode side, set the following to enable 'staleness' introduced in HDFS-3703, HDFS-3912.
<property> <name>dfs.client.socket-timeout</name> <value>10000</value> <description>Down the DFS timeout from 60 to 10 seconds.</description> </property> <property> <name>dfs.datanode.socket.write.timeout</name> <value>10000</value> <description>Down the DFS timeout from 8 * 60 to 10 seconds.</description> </property> <property> <name>ipc.client.connect.timeout</name> <value>3000</value> <description>Down from 60 seconds to 3.</description> </property> <property> <name>ipc.client.connect.max.retries.on.timeouts</name> <value>2</value> <description>Down from 45 seconds to 3 (2 == 3 retries).</description> </property> <property> <name>dfs.namenode.avoid.read.stale.datanode</name> <value>true</value> <description>Enable stale state in hdfs</description> </property> <property> <name>dfs.namenode.stale.datanode.interval</name> <value>20000</value> <description>Down from default 30 seconds</description> </property> <property> <name>dfs.namenode.avoid.write.stale.datanode</name> <value>true</value> <description>Enable stale state in hdfs</description> </property>
JMX(Java Management Extensions) provides built-in instrumentation that enables you to monitor and manage the Java VM. To enable monitoring and management from remote systems, you need to set system property com.sun.management.jmxremote.port(the port number through which you want to enable JMX RMI connections) when you start the Java VM. See official document for more information. Historically, besides above port mentioned, JMX opens 2 additional random TCP listening ports, which could lead to port conflict problem.(See HBASE-10289 for details)
As an alternative, You can use the coprocessor-based JMX implementation provided
by HBase. To enable it in 0.99 or above, add below property in
hbase-site.xml
:
<property> <name>hbase.coprocessor.regionserver.classes</name> <value>org.apache.hadoop.hbase.JMXListener</value> </property>
NOTE: DO NOT set com.sun.management.jmxremote.port for Java VM at the same time.
Currently it supports Master and RegionServer Java VM. The reason why you only configure coprocessor for 'regionserver' is that, starting from HBase 0.99, a Master IS also a RegionServer. (See HBASE-10569 for more information.) By default, the JMX listens on TCP port 10102, you can further configure the port using below properties:
<property> <name>regionserver.rmi.registry.port</name> <value>61130</value> </property> <property> <name>regionserver.rmi.connector.port</name> <value>61140</value> </property>
The registry port can be shared with connector port in most cases, so you only need to configure regionserver.rmi.registry.port. However if you want to use SSL communication, the 2 ports must be configured to different values.
By default the password authentication and SSL communication is disabled.
To enable password authentication, you need to update hbase-env.sh
like below:
export HBASE_JMX_BASE="-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=true \ -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.password.file=your_password_file \ -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.access.file=your_access_file" export HBASE_MASTER_OPTS="$HBASE_MASTER_OPTS $HBASE_JMX_BASE " export HBASE_REGIONSERVER_OPTS="$HBASE_REGIONSERVER_OPTS $HBASE_JMX_BASE "
See example password/access file under $JRE_HOME/lib/management.
To enable SSL communication with password authentication, follow below steps:
#1. generate a key pair, stored in myKeyStore keytool -genkey -alias jconsole -keystore myKeyStore #2. export it to file jconsole.cert keytool -export -alias jconsole -keystore myKeyStore -file jconsole.cert #3. copy jconsole.cert to jconsole client machine, import it to jconsoleKeyStore keytool -import -alias jconsole -keystore jconsoleKeyStore -file jconsole.cert
And then update hbase-env.sh
like below:
export HBASE_JMX_BASE="-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=true \ -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStore=/home/tianq/myKeyStore \ -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword=your_password_in_step_1 \ -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=true \ -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.password.file=your_password file \ -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.access.file=your_access_file" export HBASE_MASTER_OPTS="$HBASE_MASTER_OPTS $HBASE_JMX_BASE " export HBASE_REGIONSERVER_OPTS="$HBASE_REGIONSERVER_OPTS $HBASE_JMX_BASE "
Finally start jconsole on client using the key store:
jconsole -J-Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=/home/tianq/jconsoleKeyStore
NOTE: for HBase 0.98, To enable the HBase JMX implementation on Master, you also
need to add below property in hbase-site.xml
:
<property> <name>hbase.coprocessor.master.classes</name> <value>org.apache.hadoop.hbase.JMXListener</value> </property>
The corresponding properties for port configuration are master.rmi.registry.port (by default 10101) and master.rmi.connector.port(by default the same as registry.port)