1 /** 2 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one 3 * or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file 4 * distributed with this work for additional information 5 * regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file 6 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the 7 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance 8 * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at 9 * 10 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 11 * 12 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 13 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 14 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 15 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 16 * limitations under the License. 17 */ 18 package org.apache.hadoop.hbase.master.snapshot; 19 20 import java.io.FileNotFoundException; 21 import java.io.IOException; 22 import java.util.Collection; 23 import java.util.HashMap; 24 import java.util.HashSet; 25 import java.util.Map; 26 import java.util.Set; 27 import java.util.Timer; 28 import java.util.TimerTask; 29 30 import org.apache.commons.logging.Log; 31 import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory; 32 import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.classification.InterfaceAudience; 33 import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.classification.InterfaceStability; 34 import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration; 35 import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileStatus; 36 import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem; 37 import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path; 38 import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.Stoppable; 39 import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.snapshot.SnapshotDescriptionUtils; 40 import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.FSUtils; 41 42 /** 43 * Intelligently keep track of all the files for all the snapshots. 44 * <p> 45 * A cache of files is kept to avoid querying the {@link FileSystem} frequently. If there is a cache 46 * miss the directory modification time is used to ensure that we don't rescan directories that we 47 * already have in cache. We only check the modification times of the snapshot directories 48 * (/hbase/.snapshot/[snapshot_name]) to determine if the files need to be loaded into the cache. 49 * <p> 50 * New snapshots will be added to the cache and deleted snapshots will be removed when we refresh 51 * the cache. If the files underneath a snapshot directory are changed, but not the snapshot itself, 52 * we will ignore updates to that snapshot's files. 53 * <p> 54 * This is sufficient because each snapshot has its own directory and is added via an atomic rename 55 * <i>once</i>, when the snapshot is created. We don't need to worry about the data in the snapshot 56 * being run. 57 * <p> 58 * Further, the cache is periodically refreshed ensure that files in snapshots that were deleted are 59 * also removed from the cache. 60 * <p> 61 * A {@link SnapshotFileCache.SnapshotFileInspector} must be passed when creating <tt>this</tt> to 62 * allow extraction of files under /hbase/.snapshot/[snapshot name] directory, for each snapshot. 63 * This allows you to only cache files under, for instance, all the logs in the .logs directory or 64 * all the files under all the regions. 65 * <p> 66 * <tt>this</tt> also considers all running snapshots (those under /hbase/.snapshot/.tmp) as valid 67 * snapshots and will attempt to cache files from those snapshots as well. 68 * <p> 69 * Queries about a given file are thread-safe with respect to multiple queries and cache refreshes. 70 */ 71 @InterfaceAudience.Private 72 @InterfaceStability.Evolving 73 public class SnapshotFileCache implements Stoppable { 74 interface SnapshotFileInspector { 75 /** 76 * Returns a collection of file names needed by the snapshot. 77 * @param snapshotDir {@link Path} to the snapshot directory to scan. 78 * @return the collection of file names needed by the snapshot. 79 */ 80 Collection<String> filesUnderSnapshot(final Path snapshotDir) throws IOException; 81 } 82 83 private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(SnapshotFileCache.class); 84 private volatile boolean stop = false; 85 private final FileSystem fs; 86 private final SnapshotFileInspector fileInspector; 87 private final Path snapshotDir; 88 private final Set<String> cache = new HashSet<String>(); 89 /** 90 * This is a helper map of information about the snapshot directories so we don't need to rescan 91 * them if they haven't changed since the last time we looked. 92 */ 93 private final Map<String, SnapshotDirectoryInfo> snapshots = 94 new HashMap<String, SnapshotDirectoryInfo>(); 95 private final Timer refreshTimer; 96 97 private long lastModifiedTime = Long.MIN_VALUE; 98 99 /** 100 * Create a snapshot file cache for all snapshots under the specified [root]/.snapshot on the 101 * filesystem. 102 * <p> 103 * Immediately loads the file cache. 104 * @param conf to extract the configured {@link FileSystem} where the snapshots are stored and 105 * hbase root directory 106 * @param cacheRefreshPeriod frequency (ms) with which the cache should be refreshed 107 * @param refreshThreadName name of the cache refresh thread 108 * @param inspectSnapshotFiles Filter to apply to each snapshot to extract the files. 109 * @throws IOException if the {@link FileSystem} or root directory cannot be loaded 110 */ 111 public SnapshotFileCache(Configuration conf, long cacheRefreshPeriod, String refreshThreadName, 112 SnapshotFileInspector inspectSnapshotFiles) throws IOException { 113 this(FSUtils.getCurrentFileSystem(conf), FSUtils.getRootDir(conf), 0, cacheRefreshPeriod, 114 refreshThreadName, inspectSnapshotFiles); 115 } 116 117 /** 118 * Create a snapshot file cache for all snapshots under the specified [root]/.snapshot on the 119 * filesystem 120 * @param fs {@link FileSystem} where the snapshots are stored 121 * @param rootDir hbase root directory 122 * @param cacheRefreshPeriod period (ms) with which the cache should be refreshed 123 * @param cacheRefreshDelay amount of time to wait for the cache to be refreshed 124 * @param refreshThreadName name of the cache refresh thread 125 * @param inspectSnapshotFiles Filter to apply to each snapshot to extract the files. 126 */ 127 public SnapshotFileCache(FileSystem fs, Path rootDir, long cacheRefreshPeriod, 128 long cacheRefreshDelay, String refreshThreadName, SnapshotFileInspector inspectSnapshotFiles) { 129 this.fs = fs; 130 this.fileInspector = inspectSnapshotFiles; 131 this.snapshotDir = SnapshotDescriptionUtils.getSnapshotsDir(rootDir); 132 // periodically refresh the file cache to make sure we aren't superfluously saving files. 133 this.refreshTimer = new Timer(refreshThreadName, true); 134 this.refreshTimer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new RefreshCacheTask(), cacheRefreshDelay, 135 cacheRefreshPeriod); 136 } 137 138 /** 139 * Trigger a cache refresh, even if its before the next cache refresh. Does not affect pending 140 * cache refreshes. 141 * <p> 142 * Blocks until the cache is refreshed. 143 * <p> 144 * Exposed for TESTING. 145 */ 146 public void triggerCacheRefreshForTesting() { 147 try { 148 SnapshotFileCache.this.refreshCache(); 149 } catch (IOException e) { 150 LOG.warn("Failed to refresh snapshot hfile cache!", e); 151 } 152 LOG.debug("Current cache:" + cache); 153 } 154 155 /** 156 * Check to see if the passed file name is contained in any of the snapshots. First checks an 157 * in-memory cache of the files to keep. If its not in the cache, then the cache is refreshed and 158 * the cache checked again for that file. This ensures that we always return <tt>true</tt> for a 159 * files that exists. 160 * <p> 161 * Note this may lead to periodic false positives for the file being referenced. Periodically, the 162 * cache is refreshed even if there are no requests to ensure that the false negatives get removed 163 * eventually. For instance, suppose you have a file in the snapshot and it gets loaded into the 164 * cache. Then at some point later that snapshot is deleted. If the cache has not been refreshed 165 * at that point, cache will still think the file system contains that file and return 166 * <tt>true</tt>, even if it is no longer present (false positive). However, if the file never was 167 * on the filesystem, we will never find it and always return <tt>false</tt>. 168 * @param fileName file to check 169 * @return <tt>false</tt> if the file is not referenced in any current or running snapshot, 170 * <tt>true</tt> if the file is in the cache. 171 * @throws IOException if there is an unexpected error reaching the filesystem. 172 */ 173 // XXX this is inefficient to synchronize on the method, when what we really need to guard against 174 // is an illegal access to the cache. Really we could do a mutex-guarded pointer swap on the 175 // cache, but that seems overkill at the moment and isn't necessarily a bottleneck. 176 public synchronized boolean contains(String fileName) throws IOException { 177 boolean hasFile = this.cache.contains(fileName); 178 if (!hasFile) { 179 refreshCache(); 180 // then check again 181 hasFile = this.cache.contains(fileName); 182 } 183 return hasFile; 184 } 185 186 private synchronized void refreshCache() throws IOException { 187 long lastTimestamp = Long.MAX_VALUE; 188 boolean hasChanges = false; 189 190 // get the status of the snapshots directory and check if it is has changes 191 try { 192 FileStatus dirStatus = fs.getFileStatus(snapshotDir); 193 lastTimestamp = dirStatus.getModificationTime(); 194 hasChanges |= (lastTimestamp >= lastModifiedTime); 195 } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { 196 if (this.cache.size() > 0) { 197 LOG.error("Snapshot directory: " + snapshotDir + " doesn't exist"); 198 } 199 return; 200 } 201 202 // get the status of the snapshots temporary directory and check if it has changes 203 // The top-level directory timestamp is not updated, so we have to check the inner-level. 204 try { 205 Path snapshotTmpDir = new Path(snapshotDir, SnapshotDescriptionUtils.SNAPSHOT_TMP_DIR_NAME); 206 FileStatus tempDirStatus = fs.getFileStatus(snapshotTmpDir); 207 lastTimestamp = Math.min(lastTimestamp, tempDirStatus.getModificationTime()); 208 hasChanges |= (lastTimestamp >= lastModifiedTime); 209 if (!hasChanges) { 210 FileStatus[] tmpSnapshots = FSUtils.listStatus(fs, snapshotDir); 211 if (tmpSnapshots != null) { 212 for (FileStatus dirStatus: tmpSnapshots) { 213 lastTimestamp = Math.min(lastTimestamp, dirStatus.getModificationTime()); 214 } 215 hasChanges |= (lastTimestamp >= lastModifiedTime); 216 } 217 } 218 } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { 219 // Nothing todo, if the tmp dir is empty 220 } 221 222 // if the snapshot directory wasn't modified since we last check, we are done 223 if (!hasChanges) { 224 return; 225 } 226 227 // directory was modified, so we need to reload our cache 228 // there could be a slight race here where we miss the cache, check the directory modification 229 // time, then someone updates the directory, causing us to not scan the directory again. 230 // However, snapshot directories are only created once, so this isn't an issue. 231 232 // 1. update the modified time 233 this.lastModifiedTime = lastTimestamp; 234 235 // 2.clear the cache 236 this.cache.clear(); 237 Map<String, SnapshotDirectoryInfo> known = new HashMap<String, SnapshotDirectoryInfo>(); 238 239 // 3. check each of the snapshot directories 240 FileStatus[] snapshots = FSUtils.listStatus(fs, snapshotDir); 241 if (snapshots == null) { 242 // remove all the remembered snapshots because we don't have any left 243 if (LOG.isDebugEnabled() && this.snapshots.size() > 0) { 244 LOG.debug("No snapshots on-disk, cache empty"); 245 } 246 this.snapshots.clear(); 247 return; 248 } 249 250 // 3.1 iterate through the on-disk snapshots 251 for (FileStatus snapshot : snapshots) { 252 String name = snapshot.getPath().getName(); 253 // its the tmp dir 254 if (name.equals(SnapshotDescriptionUtils.SNAPSHOT_TMP_DIR_NAME)) { 255 // only add those files to the cache, but not to the known snapshots 256 FileStatus[] running = FSUtils.listStatus(fs, snapshot.getPath()); 257 if (running == null) continue; 258 for (FileStatus run : running) { 259 this.cache.addAll(fileInspector.filesUnderSnapshot(run.getPath())); 260 } 261 } else { 262 SnapshotDirectoryInfo files = this.snapshots.remove(name); 263 // 3.1.1 if we don't know about the snapshot or its been modified, we need to update the files 264 // the latter could occur where I create a snapshot, then delete it, and then make a new 265 // snapshot with the same name. We will need to update the cache the information from that new 266 // snapshot, even though it has the same name as the files referenced have probably changed. 267 if (files == null || files.hasBeenModified(snapshot.getModificationTime())) { 268 // get all files for the snapshot and create a new info 269 Collection<String> storedFiles = fileInspector.filesUnderSnapshot(snapshot.getPath()); 270 files = new SnapshotDirectoryInfo(snapshot.getModificationTime(), storedFiles); 271 } 272 // 3.2 add all the files to cache 273 this.cache.addAll(files.getFiles()); 274 known.put(name, files); 275 } 276 } 277 278 // 4. set the snapshots we are tracking 279 this.snapshots.clear(); 280 this.snapshots.putAll(known); 281 } 282 283 /** 284 * Simple helper task that just periodically attempts to refresh the cache 285 */ 286 public class RefreshCacheTask extends TimerTask { 287 @Override 288 public void run() { 289 try { 290 SnapshotFileCache.this.refreshCache(); 291 } catch (IOException e) { 292 LOG.warn("Failed to refresh snapshot hfile cache!", e); 293 } 294 } 295 } 296 297 @Override 298 public void stop(String why) { 299 if (!this.stop) { 300 this.stop = true; 301 this.refreshTimer.cancel(); 302 } 303 304 } 305 306 @Override 307 public boolean isStopped() { 308 return this.stop; 309 } 310 311 /** 312 * Information about a snapshot directory 313 */ 314 private static class SnapshotDirectoryInfo { 315 long lastModified; 316 Collection<String> files; 317 318 public SnapshotDirectoryInfo(long mtime, Collection<String> files) { 319 this.lastModified = mtime; 320 this.files = files; 321 } 322 323 /** 324 * @return the hfiles in the snapshot when <tt>this</tt> was made. 325 */ 326 public Collection<String> getFiles() { 327 return this.files; 328 } 329 330 /** 331 * Check if the snapshot directory has been modified 332 * @param mtime current modification time of the directory 333 * @return <tt>true</tt> if it the modification time of the directory is newer time when we 334 * created <tt>this</tt> 335 */ 336 public boolean hasBeenModified(long mtime) { 337 return this.lastModified < mtime; 338 } 339 } 340 }