1   /**
2    * Copyright 2009 The Apache Software Foundation
3    *
4    * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
5    * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
6    * distributed with this work for additional information
7    * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
8    * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
9    * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
10   * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
11   *
12   *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
13   *
14   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
15   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
16   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
17   * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
18   * limitations under the License.
19   */
20  package org.apache.hadoop.hbase.mapreduce;
21  
22  import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
23  import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
24  import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotSame;
25  import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
26  
27  import java.io.IOException;
28  import java.util.Arrays;
29  import java.util.Random;
30  
31  import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
32  import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
33  import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
34  import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileStatus;
35  import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
36  import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
37  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
38  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseTestingUtility;
39  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HConstants;
40  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.KeyValue;
41  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.PerformanceEvaluation;
42  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HBaseAdmin;
43  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HTable;
44  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.ImmutableBytesWritable;
45  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
46  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Threads;
47  import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable;
48  import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
49  import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;
50  import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.RecordWriter;
51  import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.TaskAttemptContext;
52  import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.TaskAttemptID;
53  import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
54  import org.junit.Before;
55  import org.junit.Test;
56  import org.mockito.Mockito;
57  
58  /**
59   * Simple test for {@link KeyValueSortReducer} and {@link HFileOutputFormat}.
60   * Sets up and runs a mapreduce job that writes hfile output.
61   * Creates a few inner classes to implement splits and an inputformat that
62   * emits keys and values like those of {@link PerformanceEvaluation}.
63   */
64  public class TestHFileOutputFormat  {
65    private final static int ROWSPERSPLIT = 1024;
66  
67    private static final byte[] FAMILY_NAME = PerformanceEvaluation.FAMILY_NAME;
68    private static final byte[] TABLE_NAME = Bytes.toBytes("TestTable");
69    
70    private HBaseTestingUtility util = new HBaseTestingUtility();
71    
72    private static Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(TestHFileOutputFormat.class);
73    
74    /**
75     * Simple mapper that makes KeyValue output.
76     */
77    static class RandomKVGeneratingMapper
78    extends Mapper<NullWritable, NullWritable,
79                   ImmutableBytesWritable, KeyValue> {
80      
81      private int keyLength;
82      private static final int KEYLEN_DEFAULT=10;
83      private static final String KEYLEN_CONF="randomkv.key.length";
84  
85      private int valLength;
86      private static final int VALLEN_DEFAULT=10;
87      private static final String VALLEN_CONF="randomkv.val.length";
88      
89      @Override
90      protected void setup(Context context) throws IOException,
91          InterruptedException {
92        super.setup(context);
93        
94        Configuration conf = context.getConfiguration();
95        keyLength = conf.getInt(KEYLEN_CONF, KEYLEN_DEFAULT);
96        valLength = conf.getInt(VALLEN_CONF, VALLEN_DEFAULT);
97      }
98  
99      protected void map(
100         NullWritable n1, NullWritable n2,
101         Mapper<NullWritable, NullWritable,
102                ImmutableBytesWritable,KeyValue>.Context context)
103         throws java.io.IOException ,InterruptedException
104     {
105 
106       byte keyBytes[] = new byte[keyLength];
107       byte valBytes[] = new byte[valLength];
108       
109       int taskId = context.getTaskAttemptID().getTaskID().getId();
110       assert taskId < Byte.MAX_VALUE : "Unit tests dont support > 127 tasks!";
111 
112       Random random = new Random();
113       for (int i = 0; i < ROWSPERSPLIT; i++) {
114 
115         random.nextBytes(keyBytes);
116         // Ensure that unique tasks generate unique keys
117         keyBytes[keyLength - 1] = (byte)(taskId & 0xFF);
118         random.nextBytes(valBytes);
119         ImmutableBytesWritable key = new ImmutableBytesWritable(keyBytes);
120 
121         KeyValue kv = new KeyValue(keyBytes, PerformanceEvaluation.FAMILY_NAME,
122             PerformanceEvaluation.QUALIFIER_NAME, valBytes);
123         context.write(key, kv);
124       }
125     }
126   }
127 
128   @Before
129   public void cleanupDir() throws IOException {
130     util.cleanupTestDir();
131   }
132   
133   
134   private void setupRandomGeneratorMapper(Job job) {
135     job.setInputFormatClass(NMapInputFormat.class);
136     job.setMapperClass(RandomKVGeneratingMapper.class);
137     job.setMapOutputKeyClass(ImmutableBytesWritable.class);
138     job.setMapOutputValueClass(KeyValue.class);
139   }
140 
141   /**
142    * Test that {@link HFileOutputFormat} RecordWriter amends timestamps if
143    * passed a keyvalue whose timestamp is {@link HConstants#LATEST_TIMESTAMP}.
144    * @see <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/HBASE-2615">HBASE-2615</a>
145    */
146   @Test
147   public void test_LATEST_TIMESTAMP_isReplaced()
148   throws IOException, InterruptedException {
149     Configuration conf = new Configuration(this.util.getConfiguration());
150     RecordWriter<ImmutableBytesWritable, KeyValue> writer = null;
151     TaskAttemptContext context = null;
152     Path dir =
153       HBaseTestingUtility.getTestDir("test_LATEST_TIMESTAMP_isReplaced");
154     try {
155       Job job = new Job(conf);
156       FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, dir);
157       context = new TaskAttemptContext(job.getConfiguration(),
158         new TaskAttemptID());
159       HFileOutputFormat hof = new HFileOutputFormat();
160       writer = hof.getRecordWriter(context);
161       final byte [] b = Bytes.toBytes("b");
162 
163       // Test 1.  Pass a KV that has a ts of LATEST_TIMESTAMP.  It should be
164       // changed by call to write.  Check all in kv is same but ts.
165       KeyValue kv = new KeyValue(b, b, b);
166       KeyValue original = kv.clone();
167       writer.write(new ImmutableBytesWritable(), kv);
168       assertFalse(original.equals(kv));
169       assertTrue(Bytes.equals(original.getRow(), kv.getRow()));
170       assertTrue(original.matchingColumn(kv.getFamily(), kv.getQualifier()));
171       assertNotSame(original.getTimestamp(), kv.getTimestamp());
172       assertNotSame(HConstants.LATEST_TIMESTAMP, kv.getTimestamp());
173 
174       // Test 2. Now test passing a kv that has explicit ts.  It should not be
175       // changed by call to record write.
176       kv = new KeyValue(b, b, b, kv.getTimestamp() - 1, b);
177       original = kv.clone();
178       writer.write(new ImmutableBytesWritable(), kv);
179       assertTrue(original.equals(kv));
180     } finally {
181       if (writer != null && context != null) writer.close(context);
182       dir.getFileSystem(conf).delete(dir, true);
183     }
184   }
185 
186   /**
187    * Run small MR job.
188    */
189   @Test
190   public void testWritingPEData() throws Exception {
191     Configuration conf = util.getConfiguration();
192     Path testDir = HBaseTestingUtility.getTestDir("testWritingPEData");
193     FileSystem fs = testDir.getFileSystem(conf);
194     
195     // Set down this value or we OOME in eclipse.
196     conf.setInt("io.sort.mb", 20);
197     // Write a few files.
198     conf.setLong("hbase.hregion.max.filesize", 64 * 1024);
199     
200     Job job = new Job(conf, "testWritingPEData");
201     setupRandomGeneratorMapper(job);
202     // This partitioner doesn't work well for number keys but using it anyways
203     // just to demonstrate how to configure it.
204     byte[] startKey = new byte[RandomKVGeneratingMapper.KEYLEN_DEFAULT];
205     byte[] endKey = new byte[RandomKVGeneratingMapper.KEYLEN_DEFAULT];
206     
207     Arrays.fill(startKey, (byte)0);
208     Arrays.fill(endKey, (byte)0xff);
209     
210     job.setPartitionerClass(SimpleTotalOrderPartitioner.class);
211     // Set start and end rows for partitioner.
212     SimpleTotalOrderPartitioner.setStartKey(job.getConfiguration(), startKey);
213     SimpleTotalOrderPartitioner.setEndKey(job.getConfiguration(), endKey);
214     job.setReducerClass(KeyValueSortReducer.class);
215     job.setOutputFormatClass(HFileOutputFormat.class);
216     job.setNumReduceTasks(4);
217     
218     FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, testDir);
219     assertTrue(job.waitForCompletion(false));
220     FileStatus [] files = fs.listStatus(testDir);
221     assertTrue(files.length > 0);
222   }
223   
224   @Test
225   public void testJobConfiguration() throws Exception {
226     Job job = new Job();
227     HTable table = Mockito.mock(HTable.class);
228     byte[][] mockKeys = new byte[][] {
229         HConstants.EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY,
230         Bytes.toBytes("aaa"),
231         Bytes.toBytes("ggg"),
232         Bytes.toBytes("zzz")
233     };
234     Mockito.doReturn(mockKeys).when(table).getStartKeys();
235     
236     HFileOutputFormat.configureIncrementalLoad(job, table);
237     assertEquals(job.getNumReduceTasks(), 4);
238   }
239   
240   private byte [][] generateRandomStartKeys(int numKeys) {
241     Random random = new Random();
242     byte[][] ret = new byte[numKeys][];
243     // first region start key is always empty
244     ret[0] = HConstants.EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY;
245     for (int i = 1; i < numKeys; i++) {
246       ret[i] = PerformanceEvaluation.generateValue(random);
247     }
248     return ret;
249   }
250 
251   @Test
252   public void testMRIncrementalLoad() throws Exception {
253     doIncrementalLoadTest(false);
254   }
255 
256   @Test
257   public void testMRIncrementalLoadWithSplit() throws Exception {
258     doIncrementalLoadTest(true);
259   }
260   
261   private void doIncrementalLoadTest(
262       boolean shouldChangeRegions) throws Exception {
263     Configuration conf = util.getConfiguration();
264     Path testDir = HBaseTestingUtility.getTestDir("testLocalMRIncrementalLoad");
265     byte[][] startKeys = generateRandomStartKeys(5);
266     
267     try {
268       util.startMiniCluster();
269       HBaseAdmin admin = new HBaseAdmin(conf);
270       HTable table = util.createTable(TABLE_NAME, FAMILY_NAME);
271       int numRegions = util.createMultiRegions(
272           util.getConfiguration(), table, FAMILY_NAME,
273           startKeys);
274       assertEquals("Should make 5 regions",
275           numRegions, 5);
276       assertEquals("Should start with empty table",
277           0, util.countRows(table));
278 
279       // Generate the bulk load files
280       util.startMiniMapReduceCluster();
281       runIncrementalPELoad(conf, table, testDir);
282       // This doesn't write into the table, just makes files
283       assertEquals("HFOF should not touch actual table",
284           0, util.countRows(table));
285   
286       if (shouldChangeRegions) {
287         LOG.info("Changing regions in table");
288         admin.disableTable(table.getTableName());
289         while(util.getMiniHBaseCluster().getMaster().getAssignmentManager().
290             isRegionsInTransition()) {
291           Threads.sleep(1000);
292           LOG.info("Waiting on table to finish disabling");
293         }
294         byte[][] newStartKeys = generateRandomStartKeys(15);
295         util.createMultiRegions(util.getConfiguration(),
296             table, FAMILY_NAME, newStartKeys);
297         admin.enableTable(table.getTableName());
298         while (table.getRegionsInfo().size() != 15 ||
299             !admin.isTableAvailable(table.getTableName())) {
300           Thread.sleep(1000);
301           LOG.info("Waiting for new region assignment to happen");
302         }
303       }
304       
305       // Perform the actual load
306       new LoadIncrementalHFiles(conf).doBulkLoad(testDir, table);
307       
308       // Ensure data shows up
309       int expectedRows = NMapInputFormat.getNumMapTasks(conf) * ROWSPERSPLIT;
310       assertEquals("LoadIncrementalHFiles should put expected data in table",
311           expectedRows, util.countRows(table));
312       String tableDigestBefore = util.checksumRows(table);
313             
314       // Cause regions to reopen
315       admin.disableTable(TABLE_NAME);
316       while (!admin.isTableDisabled(TABLE_NAME)) {
317         Thread.sleep(1000);
318         LOG.info("Waiting for table to disable"); 
319       }
320       admin.enableTable(TABLE_NAME);
321       util.waitTableAvailable(TABLE_NAME, 30000);
322       assertEquals("Data should remain after reopening of regions",
323           tableDigestBefore, util.checksumRows(table));
324     } finally {
325       util.shutdownMiniMapReduceCluster();
326       util.shutdownMiniCluster();
327     }
328   }
329 
330   private void runIncrementalPELoad(
331       Configuration conf, HTable table, Path outDir)
332   throws Exception {
333     Job job = new Job(conf, "testLocalMRIncrementalLoad");
334     setupRandomGeneratorMapper(job);
335     HFileOutputFormat.configureIncrementalLoad(job, table);
336     FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, outDir);
337     
338     assertEquals(table.getRegionsInfo().size(),
339         job.getNumReduceTasks());
340     
341     assertTrue(job.waitForCompletion(true));
342   }
343   
344   public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
345     new TestHFileOutputFormat().manualTest(args);
346   }
347   
348   public void manualTest(String args[]) throws Exception {
349     Configuration conf = HBaseConfiguration.create();    
350     util = new HBaseTestingUtility(conf);
351     if ("newtable".equals(args[0])) {
352       byte[] tname = args[1].getBytes();
353       HTable table = util.createTable(tname, FAMILY_NAME);
354       HBaseAdmin admin = new HBaseAdmin(conf);
355       admin.disableTable(tname);
356       util.createMultiRegions(conf, table, FAMILY_NAME,
357           generateRandomStartKeys(5));
358       admin.enableTable(tname);
359     } else if ("incremental".equals(args[0])) {
360       byte[] tname = args[1].getBytes();
361       HTable table = new HTable(conf, tname);
362       Path outDir = new Path("incremental-out");
363       runIncrementalPELoad(conf, table, outDir);
364     } else {
365       throw new RuntimeException(
366           "usage: TestHFileOutputFormat newtable | incremental");
367     }
368   }
369 }